[Affective temperaments (cyclothymic, hypertymic, depressive, anxious, irritable) are stable parts of personality and after adolescent only their minor changes are detectable. Their connections with psychopathology is well-described; depressive temperament plays role in major depression, cyclothymic temperament in bipolar II disorder, while hyperthymic temperament in bipolar I disorder. Moreover, scientific data of the last decade suggest, that affective temperaments are also associated with somatic diseases. Cyclothymic temperament is supposed to have the closest connection with hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension is higher parallel with the presence of dominant cyclothymic affective temperament and in this condition the frequency of cardiovascular complications in hypertensive patients was also described to be higher. In chronic hypertensive patients cyclothymic temperament score is positively associated with systolic blood pressure and in women with the earlier development of hypertension. The background of these associations is probably based on the more prevalent presence of common risk factors (smoking, obesity, alcoholism) with more pronounced cyclothymic temperament. The scientific importance of the research of the associations of personality traits including affective temperaments with somatic disorders can help in the identification of higher risk patient subgroups.]

[The rilmenidin as an imidazoline agonist drug strongly decreases the central sympathetic activity, release of renine and the RAS activity. Because of these advantageous properties the peripheral vascular resistance falls and the blood pressure is decreased. Today it is excellent tool for combination therapy. Useful especially in stress induced hypertension. The antihypertensive effects of ACE inhibitors sor calcium antagonists are increased by rilmenidine. This drug decreases the insuline resistance, it has a positive effect on the carbohydrate and fat metabolism, because it is useful as a complementary therapy in metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus of type II. It is useful in stress induced hypertension, and in menopause as well.]

[The vascular diseases (myocardial infarct, stroke, peripheral occlusive disease) have a common pathophysiological background, the arteriosclerosis, that impairs the autoregulation of cerebral vessels, decreases the endothel mediated flow in the peripheral vessels. Therefore the assessment of the vascular damage or the follow-up of therapy need a complex and simultaneous approach. Currently the morphological and functional changes in the vascular system can be investigated with separated measuring systems, focusing either to cardiac or cerebral parameters (intermittent blood pressure measurement, ECG, cerebral blood flow by transcranial Doppler e.g.). Our purpose is to establish a complex non-invasive system for the simultaneous measurement and comparison of cardiac/cerebral/periheral hemodynamics. The hemodynamic parameters in hypertensive patients are examined with transcranial Doppler and cardiac monitoring during tilt-table test. Intima-media thickness, flow-mediated dilatation in brachial artery, augmentation index and pulse wave velocity are also measured. The measurement will be repeated after 6 and 12 months follow-up. Our preliminary results are similar to those found in the literature, that proves the reliability of our complex noninvasive hemodynamic system. It is assumed, that 12 months antihypertensive therapies with ACE inhibitors, calciumantagonist etc. might result in different effects on different vascular parameters. Our system enables the individualization of antihypertensive therapy.]

[INTRODUCTION - International and Hungarian (JNC-7, ESH/ESC2007 és 2009, MHT 2009) Guidelines suggest a target blood pressure <140/90 mmHg for hypertensive patients, and <130/80 mmHg for those with high/very high cardiovascular risk (e.g. patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease). It was proved that for achieving the most efficient antihypertensive effect and reducing side effects, thd use of drug combinations is needed in most patients. In Hungary, ACE-inhibitor plus diuretic combination is one of the most frequently used one in Hungary. The aim of the PICASSO study was to evaluate the efficacy and metabolic effects of the fixed combination of high-dose perindopril plus indapamide (Coverex-AS Komb Forte®) in clinical practice of hypertonologists, cardiologists and general practicioners. PATIENTS AND METHODS - Patients with uncontrolled, grade 1 or 2 primary hypertension, age, >18years were involved in the open, 3-month, multicentre, prospective, observational, non-interventional clinical study if the treating physician indicated a combination treatment with higher dose antihypertensive drugs. Blood pressure (also with ABPM), heart rate, metabolic parameters (plasma lipids, blood sugar, Na, K, creatinine, uric acid, GGT) were measured by routine methods, medical history and quality of life parameters were registered on a validated questionnaire. Changes in the above parameters were also separately evaluated in patients with different risk factors or with concomitant diseases. RESULTS - Data of 9683 patients were evaluated (54% women, 46% men, average age 61.8 years). By the end of the therapy used in the study, blood pressure average decreased from 159/93 to 131/80, by ABPM from 145/83 to 126/74 mmHg (24hr averages, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, respectively), the heart rate from 79 to 73 beats/min (p<0,001). Target blood pressure was achieved in 75,4% of patients with no major concomitant disease, but only in 14% of those with a concomitant disease characterised by lower target blood pressure. The diurnal index by ABPM did not change substantially. Clinically significant decreases were found in the plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose and uric acid levels, but there were no major changes in serum levels of HDL-cholesterol, Na, K, and GGT. Quality of life parameters significantly improved by the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS - Combinations of perindopril and indapamide can be successfully and safely used in everyday practice.]

[The 73-year-old polymorbid man has been examined because of above normal blood pressure and increased serum lipid levels. From his already known diseases subclinic hypothyreosis should be highlighted. Because of increased serum cholesterol (6.7 mmol/l) and LDL levels (4.91 mmol/l) 40 mg atorvastatin has been adjusted besides 10 mg amlodipine against his high blood pressure. Subsequently selegiline and levodopa/benserazid therapy have been adjusted caused by newly diagnosed Parkinson’s disease. Parallel in time decreased dosage of atorvastatin (20 milli- gramms) has been enabled to adjust as well, the pill taken by the patient is combinated with 10 milligramms of amlodipine and called Amlator®. The improvement of lipid levels might be due to the trasformation of subclinic hypothyroidism to euthyroid state of the thyroid gland. Levodopa might plays role in this improvement resulting in an inhibition of TSH release because of demonstrated dopamine-receptors in the pituitary gland.]