[Endometrial cancer is the most frequent gynecologic malignancy in developed countries. Recently, there is a signifi cant increase of incidence caused by epidemic obesity. While the etiology of endometrial cancer can be heterogeneous, the effective therapy should be rather personalized. The primary therapy of endometrial cancer is operative. The recommended surgery is total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Management of pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy is supported by the latest international recommendations, except cases of low-risk tumors (stage I/A, grade 1 or 2, endometrioid type, diameter of tumor <2 cm). Method of adjuvant therapy, especially in developed stages, is still controversial. Efficacy of postoperative irradiation, chemotherapy and chemoirradiation is under investigation by several ongoing studies. Recurrent endometrial cancer has bad prognosis, the best solution in this case is chemotherapy. In recent years targeted therapy (especially antiangiogenetic drugs, mTORinhibitors and hormontherapy) gave us some promising results. Around 80% of endometrial cancers can be diagnosed at early stages and cured with efficacy. Unfortunately, there is a group of tumors with bad prognosis, low differentiation, or recurrency, which can be a real challenge for clinicians. In this review we discuss the latest and most promising studies and scientifi c results in connection with treatment of high-risk endometrial cancers.]

[Oxidative stress plays an important role in the elevation of the cardiovascular risk of patients with chronic kidney insufficiency. The oxidative stress becomes more severe together with the deterioration of the renal function, and the hemodialysis sessions may also induce repetitive oxidative insults. Erythropoesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) may alter the level of oxidative stress via their effects on hematopoiesis, resulting in indirect effects on changes of iron metabolism and the levels of antioxidants. We review the current knowledge about the administration of ESAs as concerns effects on oxidative parameters in hemodialysis patients. We discuss the relationship between the characteristics of the ESA therapy (type, administration frequency and dosage of ESA, length of the therapy, administration withdrawal) and the oxidative stress in view of earlier and recent research.]

[Ischemic colitis is mainly caused by the impaired circulation of the inferior mesenteric artery. Most frequently it occurs as part of general arteriosclerotic disease or impaired left ventricular function, but it may also occur after abdominal aortic reconstruction. In connection with cocaine users, thrombophylia and vasculitis can also happen among young patients. Colonoscopy plays the most important role in making the diagnosis. In case of transitional ischemia conservative treatment is recommended, but surgery is needed in the progressive gangrenous form or when stricture in the colon developed. Authors describe the case of an 80-year-old man and discuss the etiology, clinical aspects, classical and up-to-date methods of diagnostics and the possibilities of conservative treatment.]

[Hypertension is an independent cardiovascular risk factor and one of the most frequent diseases in Hungary. In the treatment of hypertensive patients usually more than two drugs are needed for the appropriate blood pressure control. Resistant hypertension (RH) is defined when blood pressure remains above target value despite full doses of antihypertensive medications, which consist of at least three different classes of drugs including a diuretic administered in maximal doses. The frequency of RH can reach 20-30% among hypertensive patients. RH increases the cardiovascular risk because of the lack of target blood pressure. RH is multifactorial and it is important to exclude pseudo-resistant hypertension (e.g. poor compliance, white coat effect). In the background of RH we can find lifestyle factors (e.g. obesity, excessive salt intake, alcoholism, etc.) and a variety of drugs (e.g. non-steroids, corticosteroids, sympathomimetics). In the pathogenesis of RH the increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system has an important role. In the treatment of RH we should manage lifestyle factors and it is important to assess the drugs and diseases (e.g. sleep apnea, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus) which may cause increased blood pressure. It is no exact recommendations for the treatment of RH. Therapy often consists of 4-5 various drugs in combination. An important role has the device therapy of RH in recent years (e.g. stimulation of the carotid baroreceptors and renal denervation) as well.]

[Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder. It stands at the focus of medical interest: basic scientists, clinicians and innovative biotechnologists all pay attention to lupus. Authors of this article present the novel scientific results on the etiopathogenesis, clinical and laboratory characteristics of SLE. Furthermore, authors discuss diagnostic problems and the possible therapeutic modalities. One of the most important results is the characterisation and mapping of the susceptibility genes as well as the analysis of their functional features. More and more is known about the relationship between natural and adaptive immunity, about the cooperation of T and B cells. The abnormalities of intracellular biochemical processes and signal transduction pathways have been cleared. The importance of cytokine network and infective agents in the pathogenesis of SLE has largely been investigated recently. With regards to the outcome of the disease, there is growing attention paid on chronic organ damages, such as end-stage renal disease, osteoporosis and atherosclerosis - in connection with the increased life expectancy. Evidence accumulates on the importance of immune-inflammatory processes in the initiation and perpetuation of osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. There is an urgent need for validated biomarkers which can predict the susceptibility, prognosis, clinical manifestations, activity and severity of SLE. To follow and measure the effectiveness of treatment is also required. Although the principals of lupus management have not changed, novel immune modulators, biological therapy and non-medical treatments (e.g. stem-cell transplantation) have become available. Further research and clinical observations may help to find the real place of such therapeutics.]