[A prospective study of holiday weight gain]
BALLA Bernadett
FEBRUARY 20, 2014
LAM KID - 2014;4(04)
BALLA Bernadett
FEBRUARY 20, 2014
LAM KID - 2014;4(04)
[Various medical associations issue different recommendations for the prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency. These significant differences are partly explained by the different definition of normal vitamin D level and the use of completely different mathematical models to predict the increase in vitamin D level as a response to therapy. According to the Institute of Medicine, the target vitamin D level is 20 ng/ml, whereas the Endocrine Society recommends 30 ng/m as the minimum target value. These differences show that the two Society have different views on the risk of adverse effects. Screening, however, is not recommended by either society. In this review I summarize the role of the vitamin D supplementation in the prevention of infertility. Also, I suggest the protective effect of the vitamin D during the pregnancy. In my opinion screening program against D hypovitaminosis should be performed in case of infertility and in pregnancy, because data show a protective role of vitamin D against many disease of newborn. ]
[Objectives: Was to evaluate 10-year probability of hip fracture and a major osteoporotic fracture using the FRAX algorithm, vitamin D status, bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical markers of bone turnover in men over 50 years of age with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We compared FRAX-predicted 10-year fracture probability, levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density at L1-L4 (LS) and femur neck (FN) in 68 men with T2DM with an age- and gender-matched group (n=68). The mean (range) age of the T2DM group was 61.4 (51-78) years. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D (25-OH-D <75 nmol/L) was 59%. The mean (range) FRAX hip fracture and FRAX major osteoporotic fracture was 0.7 (0-2.8)% and 3.2 (0-8.5)%, respectively. BMD at the FN (0.974 gm/cm2 vs. 0.915 gm/cm2; p = 0.008) and LS (1.221 gm/cm2 vs. 1.068 gm/cm2; p < 0.001) was significantly higher in the T2DM cohort as compared to the healthy age matched males. 25-OH-vitamin D (67.7 nmol/L vs.79.8 nmol/L; p < 0.001), crosslaps (0.19 μg/L vs. 0.24 μg/L; p = 0.004) and osteocalcin (13.3 μg/L vs. 15.7 μg/L; p = 0.004) were significantly lower in the T2DM group. There was no difference in FRAX-related fracture probability between the two groups. The increased BMD in T2DM and the lack of inclusion of T2DM as a risk factor in the FRAX algorithm are probable explanations for the discordance between literature-observed and FRAX-related fracture probabilities.]
[Vitamin D plays an important role in several pathways in humans. Its relation with several diseases has been previously described. Vitamin D deficiency affects almost the full population on temperate zone at the end of the winter. Recommendations on vitamin D supplementation are inconsistent and there are only a few data about the efficacy of cholecalcipherol given not in daily manner. In the present paper, we examine the different administration modalities, and their efficacy in increasing serum vitamin D levels. High doses administered rarely appear to be equally efficient and safe compared to low doses provided frequently.]
[BACKGROUND - The anatomy and pathology are the most outstanding field of the medical curriculum. These subjects mean the first practical experiences of dissection. The international literatures results shows that experience of dissection are important stages of becoming physician, but not always problemless. METHODS - Quantative (n=733) and qualitative (n=45) exploratory research among Hungarian medical students. We tried to present the effects and experiences of dissection pratcise using both analytical methods. Validity of the research was greatly improved by using the two methods. RESULTS - 50% of medical students reported that they were affected by dissection practice. The female students and those in clinical training (III-VI.years) reported about negative effects significantly more frequently. The results of the qualitative survey verified that dissection practices have decisive effect during the training and coping with experiences was often difficult especially for females students. CONCLUSIONS - Our research confirmed the hypothesis of dissection experiences play outstanding role in becoming physician. The successful coping isn’t the repression or ignorance of emotion, but understanding and finding effective solutions strategies for the negative emotions of experiences. Managing these experiences are a crucial factor of latter wellbeing of physicians and decisive factor of doctors-patient relationship.]
Clinical Neuroscience
Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Alexithymia is a still poorly understood neuropsychiatric feature of PD. Cognitive impairment (especially visuospatial dysfunction and executive dysfunction) and alexithymia share common pathology of neuroanatomical structures. We hypothesized that there must be a correlation between CD and alexithymia levels considering this relationship of neuroanatomy. Objective – The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between alexithymia and neurocognitive function in patients with PD. Thirty-five patients with PD were included in this study. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale–20 (TAS-20), Geriatric Depression Inventory (GDI) and a detailed neuropsychological evaluation were performed. Higher TAS-20 scores were negatively correlated with Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) similarities test score (r =-0.71, p value 0.02), clock drawing test (CDT) scores (r=-0.72, p=0.02) and verbal fluency (VF) (r=-0.77, p<0.01). Difficulty identifying feelings subscale score was negatively correlated with CDT scores (r=-0.74, p=0.02), VF scores (r=-0.66, p=0.04), visual memory immediate recall (r=-0.74, p=0.01). VF scores were also correlated with difficulty describing feelings (DDF) scores (r=-0.66, p=0.04). There was a reverse relationship between WAIS similarities and DDF scores (r=-0.70, p=0.02), and externally oriented-thinking (r=-0.77,p<0.01). Executive function Z score was correlated with the mean TAS-20 score (r=-62, p=0.03) and DDF subscale score (r=-0.70, p=0.01) Alexithymia was found to be associated with poorer performance on visuospatial and executive function test results. We also found that alexithymia was significantly correlated with depressive symptoms. Presence of alexithymia should therefore warn the clinicians for co-existing CD.
Clinical Neuroscience
[Background – Dizziness is one of the most frequent complaints when a patient is searching for medical care and resolution. This can be a problematic presentation in the emergency department, both from a diagnostic and a management standpoint. Purpose – The aim of our study is to clarify what happens to patients after leaving the emergency department. Methods – 879 patients were examined at the Semmelweis University Emergency Department with vertigo and dizziness. We sent a questionnaire to these patients and we had 308 completed papers back (110 male, 198 female patients, mean age 61.8 ± 12.31 SD), which we further analyzed. Results – Based on the emergency department diagnosis we had the following results: central vestibular lesion (n = 71), dizziness or giddiness (n = 64) and BPPV (n = 51) were among the most frequent diagnosis. Clarification of the final post-examination diagnosis took several days (28.8%), and weeks (24.2%). It was also noticed that 24.02% of this population never received a proper diagnosis. Among the population only 80 patients (25.8%) got proper diagnosis of their complaints, which was supported by qualitative statistical analysis (Cohen Kappa test) result (κ = 0.560). Discussion – The correlation between our emergency department diagnosis and final diagnosis given to patients is low, a phenomenon that is also observable in other countries. Therefore, patient follow-up is an important issue, including the importance of neurotology and possibly neurological examination. Conclusion – Emergency diagnosis of vertigo is a great challenge, but despite of difficulties the targeted and quick case history and exact examination can evaluate the central or peripheral cause of the balance disorder. Therefore, to prevent declination of the quality of life the importance of further investigation is high.]
Clinical Neuroscience
[A growing body of evidence suggests that sleep plays an essential role in the consolidation of different memory systems, but less is known about the beneficial effect of sleep on relational memory processes and the recognition of emotional facial expressions, however, it is a fundamental cognitive skill in human everyday life. Thus, the study aims to investigate the effect of timing of learning and the role of sleep in relational memory processes. 84 young adults (average age: 22.36 (SD: 3.22), 21 male/63 female) participated in our study, divided into two groups: evening group and morning group indicating the time of learning. We used the face-name task to measure relational memory and facial expression recognition. There were two sessions for both groups: the immediate testing phase and the delayed retesting phase, separated by 24 hours. 84 young adults (average age: 22.36 (SD: 3.22), 21 male/63 female) participated in our study, divided into two groups: evening group and morning group indicating the time of learning. We used the face-name task to measure relational memory and facial expression recognition. There were two sessions for both groups: the immediate testing phase and the delayed retesting phase, separated by 24 hours. Our results suggest that the timing of learning and sleep plays an important role in the stabilizing process of memory representation to resist against forgetting.]
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Clinical Neuroscience
Alexithymia is associated with cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease3.
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Journal of Nursing Theory and Practice
[Examination of the Strength of Core- and Perineal Muscles in Case of Different Movements]2.
Journal of Nursing Theory and Practice
[Examination of Parental Treatment among Outgoing Ambulance Workers]3.
Journal of Nursing Theory and Practice
[BLS Quality Assessment – The Effectiveness of Telephone Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Instruction]4.
Journal of Nursing Theory and Practice
[The History of the Founding of the first State School of Nursing ]5.
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