[Diagnosis and treatment of the overactive bladder]
MAJOROS Attila, ROMICS Miklós
MAJOROS Attila, ROMICS Miklós
[The Overactive Bladder Syndrome (OAB) is a symptomatic diagnosis featured mainly by urgency of urine discharging. This condition can be triggered by a number of etiological factors, most of which are idiopathic in origin. Regardless of gender and age, the prevalence is ca. 16% and has a serious impact on the quality of life of the patients. Investigations are mostly performed through usual baseline examinations; second-line invasive examinations are rarely required. The broad spectrum of treatment options ranges from lifestyle changes and elimination of triggering factors, through behavioural therapy and medication to the minimally invasive (botulinum toxin, neuromodulation, percutaneous stimulation of the tibial nerve) - and rarely - invasive therapies. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[The comprehensive screening program of Hungary (MAESZ) 2010-2020-2030 is a unique initiative in Hungary and worldwide too. This largest humanitarian program provides by the latest technology free screening tests for all residents in Hungary. The program developed by 76 professional organizations offers 38 screening tests to every participants free of charge, in a special designed screening truck. Screening program performed by MAESZ includes cardiovascular, ophthalmologic, dermatologic, gynecologic, and neurologic investigations, lab tests, audiometry, blood pressure and arterial stiffness measurements, and venous Doppler ultrasound examinations. Moreover, screening tests for lactose intolerance, colon malignancy, inflammatory bowel disease, reflux disease, urine incontinency, prostatic cancer and physical activity level were evaluated. Starting 2020, a dental screening station will be added to the mobile unit for early detection of oral cancers. Beyond screening tests, special attention is paid to assess health threatening risk factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, unhealthy nutrition, and obesity. The program demonstrates the key elements of first aid from reanimation to bandage of burns in cooperation with professional and civil organisations. Furthermore, during the waiting time, participants get lifestyle recommendations and a health booklet with a bar code enabling the immediate computer analysis of test outcomes. Since the 2018/2019 school year the official prevention program for children entitled “Travel around the Empire of Health” was started. During its 10 years, the MAESZ performed 7 million free of charge screening tests on 1,886 scenes, enrolled 560,000 participants, invested 16,000 hours for prevention, handed out 1,200,000 health booklets and 391,000 prevention info packages to thousands of families. More than 20,000 health professionals (GPs, nurses, dietetics, health development agents, public health government officials, Accident Prevention Committee of National Police Headquarters, General Directorate of Social Affairs and Child Protection and non-governmental organizations) have been participated. The program designed to improve social health aims to help more and more Hungarian citizens to be informed about their health status and to reminds them of the importance of prevention. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
Lege Artis Medicinae
[In 2019 the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) renewed their dyslipidaemia guidelines. The new version is more progressive than the previous ones. Thus, in the low-risk, not severely hypercholesterolaemic population cholesterol-lowering medication is also suggested. Except this low-risk group, atherogenic target values, e.g. for LDL-cholesterol, were reduced by an entire category, in some cases to the lowest one. If these goals cannot be achieved with statin-monotherapy, combined treatment is recommended generally by the cholesterol inhibitor ezetimib, and in some very high-risk cases also by innovative cholesterol lowering so-called PCSK9 inhibitor. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[BACKGROUND - When treating very elderly and frail hypertensive patients, there have to be taken in account the general health condition and frailty of patients, the present cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and values of the systolic blood pressure (SBP). Goals - In a clinical study performed in 29 countries, we aimed to analyse differences in practical antihypertensive therapy of family doctors among patients older than 80 years; further we sought to answer how much was influenced their therapeutic choice by frailty of the old age. The other goal of our study was to compare Hungarian versus international outcomes. Methodology - As part of an online survey, family practitioners had to decide about necessity of starting antihypertensive treatment among very elderly patients according to different patterns of frailty, SBP and CVD. The ratio of specific cases with positive treatment decision of family practitioners was compared in all 29 countries. We used a logistic mixed model analysis to multivariately model the role of frailty. Results - 2543 family practitioners participated in the cross-national study; 52% were female; 51% practised in urban environment. In 61% of practices, there was the ratio higher than 10% of very elderly patients. Hungary participated with 247 family practitioners in the study; 52.3% were female; 63.1% practised in urban environment. In 48.8% of practices the ratio of very elderly patients was higher than 10%. In 24 out of the 29 countries (83%), frailty was associated with GPs’ negative decision about starting treatment even after adjustment for SBP, CVD, and GP characteristics (odds ratio [OR 0.53]), 95% CI: 0.48-0.59; ORs per country 0.11-1.78). The lowest treatment ratio was in the Netherlands (34.2%; 95% CI: 32.0-36.5%) and the highest one in Ukraine (88.3%; 95% CI: 85.3-90.9%). In Hungary’s treatment ratio ranged 50-59%. This country ranked on the 27th place since Hungarian family practitioners chose rather to start antihypertensive treatment despite the frailty of the patient (OR=1.16; 95% CI: 0.85-1.59). Hungarian family practitioners started pharmacotherapy of elderly patients more frequently if they were males (OR= 1.45; 95% CI: 0.81-2.61), were working in their practice for less than 5 years (OR=2.41; 94% CI: 0.51-11.38), and if they had many patients aged over 80 years in their practice (OR=2.18; 95% CI: 0.70-6.80), however these differences were statistically not significant. Among Hungarian family practitioners starting therapy was significantly influenced by cardiovascular disease (OR=3.71; 95% CI: 2.64-5.23) and a SBP over 160 mmHg (OR=190.39; 95% CI: 106.83-339.28). Conclusions - In our study, there was significant difference between countries in starting antihypertensive treatment for very elderly patients. However, Hungary was among the countries where family practitioners preferred to treat their frail patients. The patients’ frailty did not have any impact on starting the therapy; rather cardiovascular disease and a SBP over 160 mmHg decided. It is an important message of the study that there is continuous need to educate family practitioners and trainees about the treatment of frail, elderly hypertensive patients.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[Authors estimate the frequency of two focal dystonias, blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm in different general practices in Hungary. There are no similar data published in the literature. This epidemiologic study was an important step in the development of a center to treat focal dystonias in Hungary, since therapeutic results with botulinum toxin injections are excellent in these disorders. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[Botulinum toxin (BTX) is used in various fields including biological warfare as well as cosmetic applications. However, its ability to block neuromuscular transmission provides a unique option for the therapy of diseases associated with increased muscle tension. BTX is effective in both striated and smooth muscles, which makes it applicable for a number of clinical purposes beyond its cosmetic use. Clinical applications include treatment of focal dystonias, the most common form of which is spastic torticollis (cervical dystonia) and blepharospasm. As BTX therapy is a safe, efficient and first-line treatment option in focal dystonias, the recognition of these diseases and their differential diagnosis might be important in almost all clinical fields, especially in ophthalmology, psychiatry, orthopedic surgery and rheumatology. The aim of this review is to present BTX therapy as a treatment option for these diseases.]
Clinical Neuroscience
[Distant neuromuscular effect of locally infiltrated botulinum toxin was studied. The extensor digitorum communis muscle far from the place of injection was sampled with single-fiber EMG in patients treated for spasmodic torticollis. In 2 and 8–16 weeks after the infiltration the mean jitter values increased significantly compared to that of the results before the treatment. Extremely increased jitter values and blocks were found, too. The fiber density was also higher after the botulinum toxin infiltration. The electrophysiological changes may be a consequence of presynaptic blockade, the botulinum toxin induced terminal sprouting of motor axons and formation of new neuromuscular junctions. Parallel with the electrophysiological abnormalities no remote clinical effects were found. The single-fiber EMG proved to be a sensitive method to control the remote neuromuscular effect of botulinum toxin.]
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Journal of Nursing Theory and Practice
[Correlations Between Burnout and Socio-demographic and Workplace Related Factors Among Health-care Workers During The Covid-19 Pandemics]5.
Journal of Nursing Theory and Practice
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Journal of Nursing Theory and Practice
[Evaluation of clinical practices among academic nursing students]3.
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[Identifying osteoporosis in a primary care setting with quantitative ultrasound]4.
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[The Effect of Asthma Bronchiale on Everyday life Activities Among Adolescents]5.
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