[Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) refers to chronic orofacial pain, unaccompanied by mucosal lesions or other evident clinical signs. It is observed principally in middle-aged patients and postmenopausal women. BMS is characterized by an intense burning or stinging sensation, preferably on the tongue or in other areas of the oral mucosa. It can be accompanied by other sensory disorders such as dry mouth or taste alterations. Probably of multifactorial origin, and often idiopathic, with a still unknown etiopathogenesis in which local, systemic and psychological factors are implicated. Currently there is no consensus on the diagnosis and classification of BMS. This study reviews the literature on this syndrome, with special reference to the etiological factors that may be involved and the clinical aspects they present. The diagnostic criteria that should be followed and the therapeutic management are discussed with reference to the most recent studies.]

[Facing new challenges and growing requirements, the renewal and adjustment of doctrines, methods and technology is an indispensable progressive need for modern militaries. In order to achieve the maximal protection of troops and conservation of fighting strength, innovation is continuous and has greatly accelerated in the whole spectrum of Force Health Protection. Owing to the development of technology, portable capabilities that had been available only in the hinterland have become available in the military medical support area. Utilising mobile information technology solutions, the continuous, real-time information flow between the tactical level medical units and the higher level medical analysts and decision makers has become technically feasible, which results in a significant widening of epidemiological surveillance capabilities as well. We discuss the current challenges of expeditionary- type military operations and their general epidemiological aspects and the morbidity reporting and monitoring systems used in international military missions. Furthermore, we overview the milestones of the development of the NATO near-real-time epidemiological surveillance system, the NATO Deployment Health Surveillance Capability, which functions as a branch of the Budapestbased multinational NATO Centre of Excellence for Military Medicine.]

[Retinal detachment, a disease caused by pathologic alteration of the vitreoretinal relationship, may decrease vision to blindness without treatment. Although some of the patients with retinal detachment become blind for the time being, last two decades produced significant improvement both in diagnosis and treatment. As a result of new surgical techniques we can perform successful surgery even in cases that were earlier inoperable. Recent methods are significantly less traumatic to the eye than they were 20 years ago. Dramatically reduced bedrest before and after surgery, regional or even topical anaesthesia instead of general anaesthesia, short term hospitalisation or one day surgery, short term restriction of physical activity after surgery are the most important consequences of the new wave of retinal detachment repair. According to recent recommendations of the prophylactic treatment of peripheral retinal lesions we treat only horse tears with sudden retinal complaints.]

[Plasma levels of D-dimer may rise in a number of pathological conditions, which might be relevant for diagnosis as well as for prognosis. Its concentration increases with age, perhaps because of the wide-spread co-morbidity. In this article we demonstrate the diagnostic role of Ddimer in the well-known thromboembolic diseases. Beyond that, we highlight the importance of measuring D-dimer levels in other, lesser-known conditions, about which important findings have been published, such as cardiovascular, inflammatory or malignant diseases. It seems that in these disorders - provided that appropriate clinical conditions are available -, measuring D-dimer levels might have a role not only in diagnosis but in the prognosis as well. Furthermore, our aim was to discourage inappropriate clinical practice. Ignoring to measure the D-dimer levels (for fear of it being high) might lead to diagnostic errors. On the other hand, routinely performing the D-dimer test without clinical consideration (in the hope of it being negative) might cause diagnostic confusion in case of unexpected positivity and - mostly because of false interpretation - lead to further, unnecessary examinations.]

[Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are endemics which affect large crowds; they play an important role in the morbidity and mortality of the population. Both diseases are cardiovascular risk factors, their co-occurrence increases the coronary risk. According to forecasts, there will be 60% increase in the number of hypertensive patients by 2025; it will affect 29% of the world’s adult population, 1.56 billion people. The number of patients with diabetes increases in all countries; 552 million diabetic patients should be expected by 2030. The simultaneous occurrence of both diseases may be a coincidence, but there is also causal relationship between the two diseases (diabetic nephropathy, metabolic syndrome). The two diseases often occur in endocrine diseases, and in connection with medicinal therapy (steroids, etc.). The simultaneous occurrence of these two diseases determines the therapeutic strategy. During the prevention and treatment of both diseases, the change in lifestyle has an important role (obesity, salt intake, physical activity).]