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Hypertension and nephrology - 2011;15(05)
Content
Hypertension and nephrology
DECEMBER 20, 2011
[Antihypertensive therapy in patients with COPD - the significance of nebivolol]
[The occurrence of hypertension associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing. Recognising COPD is important in order to choose the appropriate antihypertensive drugs. Anti-hypertensive drugs that can be used to treat patients with hypertension and COPD include diuretics, ACE-inhibitors, angioten-sine receptor blockers (AT1 receptor antagonists) and calcium antagonists, as well as cardioselective beta blockers, as these drugs decrease total and cardiovascular mortality. Of these agents, the importance of the most cardioselective one, nebivolol should be stressed, as this drug has no clinically significant effect on parameters of respiratory function, and, through its additional effects (namely by increasing the synthesis of NO), it has a beneficial effect on COPD-related deterioration of respiratory functions, haemodynamic alterations (cor pulmonale) and local factors that participate in the respiratory inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.]
Hypertension and nephrology
DECEMBER 20, 2011
[Similarities and differences in the renal effects of statins]
[By efficiently reducing serum cholesterol level, statins significantly decrease both cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Decreasing LDL-cholesterol level by 1% reduces coronary mortality risk by 1%, whereas increasing HDL-cholesterol level by 1% reduces the risk by 3%. At the same time, renal failure significantly increases cardiovascular events and/or mortality compared with the population mean. It is an exciting question whether statins are able to prevent and decelerate the deterioration of kidney function deterioration, preserve GFR and decrease albuminuria. Depending on the strength of their effect, statins have different cholesterollowering capacity (rosuvastatin and atorvastatin are especially effective). An important question is whether these differences can be detected in the renal function as well. The results of experimental data and major clinical trials (e.g. AURORA, PLANET I-II, SHARP) are often controversial. Nevertheless, statin therapy has advantages for patients with kidney diseases, although to a lesser extent than it has in the normal population.]
Hypertension and nephrology
DECEMBER 20, 2011
[Genetics of isolated steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome - results of the two decades around the turn of the millennium]
[Childhood steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a devastating clinical condition which progresses to end-stage renal disease in 30-40% of the cases after a follow up of 10 years. Based on its etiology, two forms can be distinguished, an immune and a genetic form. During the last two decades, mutations of ten genes - encoding mainly podocyte proteins - were identified in the latter group. As the treatment in the immune and genetic forms are different, and only the identification of the causative mutation can reliably distinguish them, it is important to be familiarized with the genotype-phenotype correlations. The aim of the present review is to summarize our current knowledge on the phenotypes linked to the identified genes.]
Hypertension and nephrology
DECEMBER 20, 2011
[Association of body composition and mortality in patients on maintenance dialysis and on waitlist and after kidney transplantation]
[Overweight [body mass index (BMI) = 25-30 kg/m2] and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) are epidemic in both developed and developing countries. Obesity has been recognized as risk factor for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and poor survival. Almost 2/3 of maintenance hemodialysis patients die within five years of commencing dialysis treatment. Although patients on the waitlist having less severe comorbidities than their non-listed counterparts, the death rate remains high while it can take years for an organ donation. In patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis an “obesity paradox” has been consistently reported, i.e., a high BMI is incrementally associated with better survival. Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent in patients at the time of kidney transplantation. Indeed, most transplant centers in US may suspend wait-listing of obese patients with a BMI above 30 or 35 kg/m2 and refer them for weight reduction procedures such as bariatric surgery as a contingency for the transplant surgery. The effect of pre- and post-transplant obesity in kidney transplanted patients on long-term graft and patient survival has not been well established. We have reviewed and summarized salient recent data pertaining to body composition and clinical outcomes about the association of survival and body composition in transplant-waitlisted dialysis patients and kidney transplanted recipients. ]
Hypertension and nephrology
DECEMBER 20, 2011
[Association between complications of percutaneous kidney biopsy and histological diagnosis ]
[Background: Percutaneous renal biopsy is an essential tool in diagnosis and prognosis of renal diseases. It is well-known that this method has potential complications. The connection between complication occurrence related to renal biopsies and histological diagnoses of the biopsy specimen was analyzed in the present study. We also analyzed the distribution of diagnoses in our population. Methods: In this retrospective survey, 353 patients undergoing renal biopsy was studied. Biopsies were performed after marking the site of puncture with ultrasound imaging. Influence of diagnoses and clinical parameters on complications was evaluated. Results: We found a complication rate of 44.5%. In patients with diabetic nephropathy (likelihood ratio (LR) 0.44) or acute tubular necrosis (LR 0.38) a significantly lower rate of complications was found, while patients with thin basement membrane syndrome had more than 6-fold higher risk for evolvement of intrarenal haemorrhage. Patients with acute interstitial nephritis (LR 3.18) or vasculitis (LR 2.88) have a more than 2-fold risk for arteriovenous shunts while in patients with severe arteriosclerosis the occurrence of this complication was lower (LR 0.46). In rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, arteriovenous shunts evolved also in a significantly higher rate. Conclusion: Patients with vasculitis, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, thin basement membrane syndrome or acute interstitial nephritis should be monitored more carefully after renal biopsy due to the significantly higher risk for complications. ]
Hypertension and nephrology
DECEMBER 20, 2011
Hypertension and nephrology
DECEMBER 20, 2011
1.
Clinical Neuroscience
[Headache registry in Szeged: Experiences regarding to migraine patients]
21. MAY
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Clinical Neuroscience
[The new target population of stroke awareness campaign: Kindergarten students ]
21. MAY
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Clinical Neuroscience
Is there any difference in mortality rates of atrial fibrillation detected before or after ischemic stroke?
27. NOV
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Clinical Neuroscience
Factors influencing the level of stigma in Parkinson’s disease in western Turkey
27. SEP
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Clinical Neuroscience
[The effects of demographic and clinical factors on the severity of poststroke aphasia]
18. JUL
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