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[Clinicians and investigators know since ages that increased production of prostaglandins play a significant role in the pathogenesis of polyuria of patients with Bartter syndrome.]
[Hypothyroidism is common in the elderly. Frequent causes of hypothyroidism include autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland, previous thyroid surgery and radioiodine therapy. Symptoms may be atypical, and the level of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) must be measured as a part of the biochemical workup. Elevated serum TSH levels have to be confirmed with a repeated tests, which must be completed by measuring the serum thyroxine level too. The recommended and relevant replacement therapy for hypothyroidism is levothyroxine sodium administration. Levothyroxine sodium is orally only partially absorbed since it is affected by food, minerals, drugs and the composition of the tablet. The initial hormone replacement dose should be low if any heart disease is suspected. The main risk of levothyroxine sodium therapy is its over supplementation, the side effects of which may include anxiety, muscle atrophy, osteoporosis, and atrial fibrillation. Subclinical hypothyroidism with elevated serum TSH level but with a T4 level in its reference range may be considered as a mild form of hypothyroidism. Studies published so far did not prove the positive effect of substitution therapy for non-goitrous subclinical hypothyroidism, especially in elderly patients.]
[Preventing unwanted pregnancy, and in treating many gynaecological diseases, we use hormones produced by the ovaries, namely the follicle hormone and the corpus luteum hormone, or their synthetic versions. In terms of hormonal therapies, combined oral hormonal contraception and menopausal hormone therapy are of outstanding importance. Some pharmaceuticals do not increase the cardiovascular (CV) risk, while others do it by increasing the risk of coronary diseases (primarily myocardial infarction), venous thromboembolism, and ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes respectively. This review of concerning literature summarized the cardiovascular impact of hormonal therapies in gynaecologic practice, in two parts. The first part discusses hormonal contraception, the second one the menopausal hormone therapy.
Combined hormonal contraceptives (COC) containing follicle hormone and progestogen significantly increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), however without any major clinical significance. The higher risk perceived among smoking, overweight and older women is additionally burdened by COC. Nevertheless, products containing estetrol and progesterone-only-pills do not increase the CV risk. Using COC does not increase the risk of haemorrhagic stroke, but does it slightly that of ischaemic stroke and myocardial infarction. CV side effects of hormonal ACs are not significant from a clinical point of view and are far below the complications caused by unwanted pregnancies due to the use of improper contraception. This study summarized the literature data on CV risk of hormonal contraceptives. ]
Hippocampi are the structures located in the medial depths of both temporal lobes, mainly responsible for memory, navigation and regulation of emotions, and activated during the processing of pain and the modification of nociceptive stimuli. Chronic pain is thought to have stress-like detrimental modulatory effects on the hippocampal neurogenesis, and adults with chronic pain have been showed to have lower hippocampal volumes. a
Epidural fibrosis after all spinal surgeries is an important surgical issue. Various biological and non-biological materials have been tried to inhibit epidural fibrosis, which is deemed to be the most important cause of pain after spinal surgery. Olive oil, nigella sativa oil and soybean oil employed in oral nutrition in clinics involving liquid fatty acids, palmatic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid and palmitoleic acid.
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Clinical Neuroscience
[Headache registry in Szeged: Experiences regarding to migraine patients]2.
Clinical Neuroscience
[The new target population of stroke awareness campaign: Kindergarten students ]3.
Clinical Neuroscience
Is there any difference in mortality rates of atrial fibrillation detected before or after ischemic stroke?4.
Clinical Neuroscience
Factors influencing the level of stigma in Parkinson’s disease in western Turkey5.
Clinical Neuroscience
[The effects of demographic and clinical factors on the severity of poststroke aphasia]1.
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