Endocrinology

Clinical Neuroscience

JANUARY 30, 2024

Study protocol of the Hungarian Longitudinal Study of Healthy Brain Aging (HuBA)

BANKÓ M. Éva , WEISS Béla , HEVESI István , MANGA Annamária , VAKLI Pál , HAVADI-NAGY Menta , KELEMEN Rebeka , SOMOGYI Eszter , HOMOLYA István , BIHARI Adél , SIMON Ádám , NÁRAI Ádám , TÓTH Krisztina , BÁTHORI Noémi , TOMACSEK Vivien , HORVÁTH András , KAMONDI Anita , RACSMÁNY Mihály, DÉNES Ádám , SIMOR Péter , KOVÁCS Tibor , HERMANN Petra , VIDNYÁNSZKY Zoltán

Neurocognitive aging and the associated brain diseases impose a major social and economic burden. Therefore, substantial efforts have been put into revealing the lifestyle, the neurobiological and the genetic underpinnings of healthy neurocognitive aging. However, these studies take place almost exclusively in a limited number of highly­developed countries. Thus, it is an important open

ENG 2024;77(1-2)

Clinical Neuroscience

JANUARY 30, 2024

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with a benign prognosis in an immunocompetent patient – A case report

ZEYNEP ÖZDEMIR, SERAP Ruken TEKER, BURCU YÜKSEL, AYSUN SOYSA

John Cunningham virus (JCV) is most commonly acquired in childhood and is often asymptomatic throughout life. However, in the case of primary or secondary immunosuppression, it is known to cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in the central nervous system. Hereby, we describe a rare case of PML in a patient without known factors of immunosuppression or use of immunomodulation.

ENG 2024;77(1-2)

Clinical Neuroscience

JANUARY 30, 2024

[Guillain-Barré syndrome caused by intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin]

AKAN Serkan , ATMACA Colak Melek

[ Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. In the vast majority of patients, 1-4 weeks before the onset of GBS-related symptoms, an event such as upper respiratory tract or gastrointestinal tract infection, surgical intervention or vaccination is present. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of GBS that occurred after intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy in the absence of tuberculosis or any other infection in the English literature.]

HUN 2024;77(1-2)

Lege Artis Medicinae

FEBRUARY 20, 2024

[Recent results of lifestyle  and drug-induced body-weight reduction ]

BAJNOK László

[Among the specific weight loss diets, there is no convincing fundamental difference in their short-term effects. There is no magic bullet since weight regain is common with all methods in the long term (the greater the reduction the greater the regain). Thus for the majority of patients in need none of them has any significant outcome (–10% per 2 years). Only the safety of some dietary methods has been clarified so far. Although the Mediterranean diet is generally accepted (in a broader context, the Smart Plate developed for domestic conditions by the National Association of Hungarian Dietitians too), however intermittent fasting and e.g. the time-restricted eating may also have some advantages. It would be reasonable to attribute more importance to the patient’s preference during the (repeated) dietetic consultations (the question is who could mediate it authentically?) Nutritional therapy requires essentially (or should require) medical treatment of excess weight, which would also support growing-up of obesitology. In me­tabolic medicine, entero-hormones, primarily glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), opened a new chapter in the history of medicine. Newer, more ef­fective forms of this drug family make at least 10% weight loss attainable to most of those in need, and as long as their use continues its cardiovascular benefits have also been proven.]

HUN 2024;34(1-2)

Lege Artis Medicinae

FEBRUARY 20, 2024

[Reno- and cardioprotective effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors beyond treating diabetes mellitus ]

AMBRUS Csaba, BENCZÚR Béla

[SGLT2-inhibitors, originally used as anti­dia­­betics, improved unexpectedly the outcome of cardiac diseases (mainly heart failure) and nearly halved the risk of renal events of diabetic patients. More recently, administering these drugs decreased significantly the morbidity and mortality in primary renal endpoint studies and among patients with heart failure – in diabetic and non-diabetic patients respectively. Con­cer­ning these recent outcomes and according to international and domestic guidelines, SGLT-2 inhibitors are considered as first line medications in both chronic kidney dis­ease and the whole spectrum of chronic heart failure, and they should be initiated as early as possible in these conditions. Since the beginning of 2024, these drugs which changed significantly the outcome of these diseases can be prescribed with greater support of Hungarian public financing not only for type 2 diabetic patients but non-diabetics too with chronic kidney diseases and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. ]

HUN 2024;34(1-2)

Lege Artis Medicinae

FEBRUARY 20, 2024

[Gynaecological hormone therapy and cardiovascular risk. Part 2: menopausal hormone therapy ]

LÁSZLÓ Ádám

[Concerning cardiovascular (CV) risk, be­side hormonal contraception, menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) has a pre-eminent clinical significance. If women start MHT younger than 60 years of age, or within 10 years after their menopausal transition, the risk of coronary diseases and mortality too decreases. Conventional oral MHT slightly increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and stroke, while transdermal admission does not it. MHT initiated in wo­men above 60, raise the risk of cardiovascular (CV) diseases, thus it is useful to start MHT at the onset of menopause syndrome signs (primarily hot flashes), preferably at a younger age. Preventing serious late complications to start and continue MHT at least until natural menopause is essential in premature ovarian insufficiency and early menopause. Below, we summa­rize the CV implications of MHT and its al­ter­native treat­ment options.]

HUN 2024;34(1-2)