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Lege Artis Medicinae
NOVEMBER 30, 2020
[Lung cancer – a review of thirty years. Thoughts about the past struggles, the present results and promises of the future]
[In the past thirty years there was a huge development in the complex treatment of lung cancer. This development is due mostly to the last decade. Nihilism of lung cancer treatment is over and it is a reality that even patients in advanced stage turn out curable by appropriate therapy and their condition may be changed for a chronic disease while using anti-tumour therapy. Thirty years ago, the realistic life expectancy of six to eight months in advanced stage mounted nowadays significantly, and may surpass even five years in a number of cases. It required adequate diagnostic background, which provided the biomarker based treatment. In early stage surgical resection has a fundamental role, coupled with modern complex neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment, while new surgical techniques also contributed to the improvement of therapeutic results. The same is true for radiation therapy. The same complex strategy is prevailing also in pharmaceutical options, which are dominated by modalities of cytotoxic chemotherapies and targeted immunotherapies. Multidisciplinary teams play a significant role in strategic decisions of lung cancer treatment. The future ways are indicating repeated innovations of targeted therapies and extended indications of immunotherapy in terms of precision medicine. However, we must keep in mind also the primary and secondary prevention with effective smoking cessation programs and low-dose chest CT screening applied as usual soon in the risk groups. ]
Clinical Neuroscience
NOVEMBER 30, 2020
[The connection between the socioeconomic status and stroke in Budapest]
[The well-known gap between stroke mortality of Eastern and Western European countries may reflect the effect of socioeconomic differences. Such a gap may be present between neighborhoods of different wealth within one city. We set forth to compare age distribution, incidence, case fatality, mortality, and risk factor profile of stroke patients of the poorest (District 8) and wealthiest (District 12) districts of Budapest. We synthesize the results of our former comparative epidemiological investigations focusing on the association of socioeconomic background and features of stroke in two districts of the capital city of Hungary. The “Budapest District 8–12 project” pointed out the younger age of stroke patients of the poorer district, and established that the prevalence of smoking, alcohol-consumption, and untreated hypertension is also higher in District 8. The “Six Years in Two Districts” project involving 4779 patients with a 10-year follow-up revealed higher incidence, case fatality and mortality of stroke in the less wealthy district. The younger patients of the poorer region show higher risk-factor prevalence, die younger and their fatality grows faster during long-term follow-up. The higher prevalence of risk factors and the higher fatality of the younger age groups in the socioeconomically deprived district reflect the higher vulnerability of the population in District 8. The missing link between poverty and stroke outcome seems to be lifestyle risk-factors and lack of adherence to primary preventive efforts. Public health campaigns on stroke prevention should focus on the young generation of socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods. ]
Hypertension and nephrology
SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
[Association between cyclothymic affective temperament and hypertension]
[Affective temperaments (cyclothymic, hypertymic, depressive, anxious, irritable) are stable parts of personality and after adolescent only their minor changes are detectable. Their connections with psychopathology is well-described; depressive temperament plays role in major depression, cyclothymic temperament in bipolar II disorder, while hyperthymic temperament in bipolar I disorder. Moreover, scientific data of the last decade suggest, that affective temperaments are also associated with somatic diseases. Cyclothymic temperament is supposed to have the closest connection with hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension is higher parallel with the presence of dominant cyclothymic affective temperament and in this condition the frequency of cardiovascular complications in hypertensive patients was also described to be higher. In chronic hypertensive patients cyclothymic temperament score is positively associated with systolic blood pressure and in women with the earlier development of hypertension. The background of these associations is probably based on the more prevalent presence of common risk factors (smoking, obesity, alcoholism) with more pronounced cyclothymic temperament. The scientific importance of the research of the associations of personality traits including affective temperaments with somatic disorders can help in the identification of higher risk patient subgroups.]
Clinical Neuroscience
JANUARY 30, 2016
Comparison of hospitalized acute stroke patients’ characteristics using two large central-eastern european databases
Objectives – Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the European region. In spite of a decreasing trend, stroke related mortality remains higher in Hungary and Romania when compared to the EU average. This might be due to higher incidence, increased severity or even less effective care. Methods – In this study we used two large, hospital based databases from Targu Mures (Romania) and Debrecen (Hungary) to compare not only the demographic characteristics of stroke patients from these countries but also the risk factors, as well as stroke severity and short term outcome. Results – The gender related distribution of patients was similar to those found in the European Survey, whereas the mean age of patients at stroke onset was similar in the two countries but lower by four years. Although the length of hospital stay was significantly different in the two countries it was still much shorter (about half) than in most reports from western European countries. The overall fatality rate in both databases, regardless of gender was comparable to averages from Europe and other countries. In both countries we found a high number of risk factors, frequently overlapping. The prevalence of risk factors (hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidaemia) was higher than those reported in other countries, which can explain the high ratio of recurring stroke. Discussion – In summary, the comparatively analyzed data from the two large databases showed several similarities, especially regarding the high number of modifiable risk factors, and as such further effort is needed regarding primary prevention.
Lege Artis Medicinae
MARCH 10, 2020
[Summary data of Hungary's comprehensive health screening program (MAESZ) 2010-2019]
[The comprehensive screening program of Hungary (MAESZ) 2010-2020-2030 is a unique initiative in Hungary and worldwide too. This largest humanitarian program provides by the latest technology free screening tests for all residents in Hungary. The program developed by 76 professional organizations offers 38 screening tests to every participants free of charge, in a special designed screening truck. Screening program performed by MAESZ includes cardiovascular, ophthalmologic, dermatologic, gynecologic, and neurologic investigations, lab tests, audiometry, blood pressure and arterial stiffness measurements, and venous Doppler ultrasound examinations. Moreover, screening tests for lactose intolerance, colon malignancy, inflammatory bowel disease, reflux disease, urine incontinency, prostatic cancer and physical activity level were evaluated. Starting 2020, a dental screening station will be added to the mobile unit for early detection of oral cancers. Beyond screening tests, special attention is paid to assess health threatening risk factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, unhealthy nutrition, and obesity. The program demonstrates the key elements of first aid from reanimation to bandage of burns in cooperation with professional and civil organisations. Furthermore, during the waiting time, participants get lifestyle recommendations and a health booklet with a bar code enabling the immediate computer analysis of test outcomes. Since the 2018/2019 school year the official prevention program for children entitled “Travel around the Empire of Health” was started. During its 10 years, the MAESZ performed 7 million free of charge screening tests on 1,886 scenes, enrolled 560,000 participants, invested 16,000 hours for prevention, handed out 1,200,000 health booklets and 391,000 prevention info packages to thousands of families. More than 20,000 health professionals (GPs, nurses, dietetics, health development agents, public health government officials, Accident Prevention Committee of National Police Headquarters, General Directorate of Social Affairs and Child Protection and non-governmental organizations) have been participated. The program designed to improve social health aims to help more and more Hungarian citizens to be informed about their health status and to reminds them of the importance of prevention. ]
Clinical Oncology
DECEMBER 10, 2018
[Treatment of head and neck cancer]
[Head and neck cancers cause worldwide a signifi cant problem in health care systems. Despite great advances in therapeutic modalities its prognosis has not changed in the past few decades. It is mainly caused by classical risk factors, like alcohol consumption and smoking, but in a signifi cant number of oropharyngeal cancers HPV infection plays a major role, which is associated with a new patient group characterized by a much better prognosis and therapeutic response. In the diagnostic phase staging examinations (CT scan, MRI, FDG-PET) are also involved which are necessary to multidisciplinary decision making. It can be largely infl uenced by the patient’s preference. The therapy is based on multimodality approach; surgery, radiotherapy, chemoirradiation, chemotherapy and the combination of these are used in early or locally advanced tumours. Targeted agents like EGFR inhibitors are partly used in the recurrent/metastatic setting or in combination with radiotherapy. Immun checkpoint inhibitors are new therapeutic options for pretreated, recurrent/metastatic patients and their role is under investigation in earlier therapeutic lines. Several clinical trials aim treatment desintensifi cation strategies in HPV positive tumours. Molecular genetic tests try to defi ne subgroups of patients to plan individualized treatment. Regarding the signifi cant functional and aesthetic damage of both disease and treatment, supportive care and rehabilitation are of great importance.]
Hypertension and nephrology
DECEMBER 12, 2019
Lege Artis Medicinae
DECEMBER 10, 2019
[The adverse effects of smoking on our respiratory system based on data of the Hungarian Public Health Screening 2010-2018 ]
[The regular smoking with or without clinical symptoms causes structural changes in the lung tissue and this is reflected in respiratory function tests. During the last 9 years of Hungary's comprehesive health promotion screening (MÁESZ) between 2010 and 2018, spirometric examinations (PEF, FEV1, MEF25-75, FVC) were performed on 70822 women and 60187 men. We used the percentage of predictive values in the analysis to describe the deviation from normal. The carbon monoxide (eCO) content measurement of the exhaled air (in ppm) was performed on 24899 women and 22340 men. The COPD Evaluation Questionnaire (CAT) was completed by 4166 women and 3170 men. All four parameters of spirometry showed lower values for smokers in both sexes, but in men they were lower than in women. Ageing lowered significantly the values. The rate of changes from normal predictive values and the difference between smokers and non-smokers was the highest for MEF25-75 and FVC. The expiratory CO content (eCO) was significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers in all age groups. In smokers, the incidence in percent of abnormal CAT score was significantly higher. Respiratory screening tests reveal the harmful effects of smoking, even without clinical symptoms, and indicate the risk of developing COPD.]
Clinical Neuroscience
NOVEMBER 30, 2019
Risk factors for ischemic stroke and stroke subtypes in patients with chronic kidney disease
Background - The aim of this study was to compare ischemic stroke subtypes with the effects of risk factors, the relationship between grades of kidney disease and the severity of stroke subtypes. Methods - The current study was designed retrospectively and performed with data of patients who were hospitalised due to ischemic stroke. We included 198 subjects who were diagnosed with ischemic stroke of Grade 3 and above with chronic kidney disease. Results - In our study were reported advanced age, coronary artery disease, moderate kidney disease as the most frequent risk factors for cardioembolic etiology. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking and alcohol consumption were the most frequent risk factors for large-artery disease. Female sex and anaemia were the most frequent risk factors for small-vessel disease. Dialysis and severe kidney disease were the most frequent risk factors in unknown etiologies, while male sex, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke and mild kidney disease were the most frequent risk factors for other etiologies. National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores were lower for small-vessel disease compared with other etiologies. This relation was statistically significant (p=0.002). Conclusion - In order to improve the prognosis in ischemic stroke with chronic kidney disease, the risk factors have to be recognised and the treatment options must be modified according to those risk factors.
Journal of Nursing Theory and Practice
APRIL 30, 2019
[Smoking habits and predicting factors of smoking cessation among health care workers ]
[The aim of the study: The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of smoking and identify factors that predict smoking cessation motivation among health workers. Material and method: Cross-sectional, self-reported survey filled out by all healthcare workers of Jósa András Teaching Hospital. Statistical analyses were performed by chi-square analysis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Of all responses (N =1561), 29.9% reported actively smoking, 52.0% smoked between 11-20 cigarettes a day. A total of 20.4% had tried to quit smoking before. Those who would not participate in a smoking cessation program outweighed those who favored participation (43.2% vs. 35.6%). Significant relationships were found between the technique of smoking cessation and intent to quit smoking (χ2 = 7,73; p = 0,02) and between smoking cessation and stress induced smoking habits (r = 0,1; p = 0,12). Those not wanting to quit smoking appraised smoking as a social link to others (Z = -2.34; p = 0,02). Conclusion: Besides putting a stronger emphasis on smoking cessation and on negative health effects of smoking, nurse managers should promote working environments where improvement in stress management and collegial relationships will minimize the need for smoke related groups.. ]
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Clinical Neuroscience
Alexithymia is associated with cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease
08. JUN
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Clinical Neuroscience
[Cases of inborn errors of metabolism diagnosed in children with autism ]
19. JAN
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Clinical Neuroscience
[The first Hungarian patient with Guillain-Barre syndrome after COVID-19]
19. JAN
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Clinical Neuroscience
Retinal morphological changes during the two years of follow-up in Parkinson’s disease
19. JAN
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