[Background and purpose - Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a heterogenous syndrome considered as a prodromal state of dementia with clinical importance in the early detection of Alzheimer’s Disease. We are currently developing an MCI screening instrument, the Early Mental Test (EMT) suitable to the needs of primary care physicians. The present study describes the validation process of the 6.2 version of the test. Methods - Only subjects (n=132, female 95, male 37) over the age of 55 (mean age 69.2 years (SD=6.59)) scoring at least 20 points on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), mean education 11.17 years (SD=3.86) were included in the study. The psychometric evaluation consisted of Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) and the 6.2 version of EMT. The statistical analyses were carried out using the 17.00 version of SPSS statistical package. Results - The optimalised cut-off point was found to be 3.45 points with corresponding 69% sensitivity, 69% specificity and 69% accuracy measures. The Cronbach-α, that describes the internal consistence of the test was 0.667, which is higher as compared with the same category in the case of the ADASCog (0.446). A weak negative rank correlation was found between the total score of EMT 6.2 and the age of probands (rs=-0.25, p=0.003). Similarly, only a weak correlation was found between the education levels and the total score of EMT 6.2 (rs=0.31, p<0.001). Two of the subtests, the repeated delayed short-time memory and the letter fluency test with a motorical distraction task had significantly better power to separate MCI and control groups than the other subtests of the EMT. Conclusion - The 6.2 version of EMT is a fast and simple detector of MCI with a similar sensitivity-specificity profile to the MMSE, but this version of the test definitely needs further development.]

[INTRODUCTION - Similar occirrence of neurofibromatosis and malignant melanoma is rare. We report a patient with neurofibromatosis, cutaneous melanoma, hyperthyreoidism and HCV positivity. CASE REPORT - A 43-year-old woman has been under care for neurofibromatosis for 16 years when she presented with increased serum ?- glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase activity and anti-HCV antibody positivity at regular checkup. A pigmented lesion removed from her back histologically proved to be cutan melanoma. Interferon treatment was applied. She lost 8 kilograms in half a year which was caused not by the tumor progression, but hyperthyreoidism. A rapid clinical and laboratory improvement was observed for thyreostatic treatment and she regained her bodyweight. One year later she presented with a cough caused by pulmonary tumor. The tumor was surgically removed and histologically diagnosed as metastasis of melanoma. Cytostatic treatment was applied and she became asymptomatic. Four years after the diagnosis of melanoma she died of apoplexy. During the autopsy there was no sign of either melanoma or liver disease. CONCLUSIONS - The careful investigation of skin should be emphasised even in case of long established neurofibromatosis. The presented case shows an association of malignant melanoma and neurofibromatosis. In the background of loss of bodyweight even in a patient with history of malignant disease other causes should also be searched such as hyperthyreoidism especially during interferon therapy.]

[Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is common in most cancer patient, which has a high impact on the quality of their life. It affects not only the patient itself, but also their families and relationships. It is the most underreported, overlooked and undertreated symptom. The screening and adequate treatment of CFR is getting more attention nowadays and it became the subject of guidelines of several international expert groups like the ASCO) and the NCCN. In this review we would like to summarize the contributory factors of CRF, the screening methods, the clinical assessment and the interventions of patients with cancer related fatigue. We try to give guidance to distinguish fatigue as a symptom of disease progression or as a side effect that we can treat. But lastly the most important question becomes that why CRF is so underreported.]

[The clinical significance of serum uric acid markedly increased in the last years, especially in the civilized countries, but the abnormal serum uric acid level shows a significantly strong increasing tendency worldwide. The high level of uric acid is an integral part of metabolic syndrome. Today we recognized the important role of xanthine oxidase in the clinical practice for developing of oxidative stress in some tissues and organs. In 2011 during the Hungarian Health Care Screening Program we analyzed the prevalence of metabolic factors in 18 886 subjects. In the present publication we have dealt with uric acid and calculated the occurrence of abnormal values in percentage of the observed population. We found abnormal values in 12.3% of women (over 350 µmol/l) and 16.5% of men (over 400 µmol/l). The average values were higher in hypertensive subjects against normotensive ones in both gender. There was a close correlation among the metabolic components and the elevated uric acid level. The screening had given a possibility for detecting hidden gout and some other diseases, where the elevated uric acid level is specific of the clinical entity.]

[The frequency of colorectal cancer is increasing all over the world. It is the second most frequent oncological disease leading to death in both sexes in Hungary. The main part of colorectal cancer develope after the age of 50. In case of patients having higher risk we have to calculate with the earlier appearance of the tumour and detectable molecular genetic disorders. The development of colorectal cancer needs a long time. Before the appearance of the cancer, precancerous processes (adenomas, polyps) can be detected in the large intestine. The development of colorectal cancer can be prevented by the removal of the adenomas (polypectomy). There are many different and efficient methods to detect the precancerous and early disorders. For increasing the compliance to screening programs the common efforts of the society, the National Health Care Services and medical doctors are necessary. The education of the population and the medical services would also be helpful. The colorectal cancer screening programs are costeffective and supported by the different health services independently from the type of the insurance. Screening the patients having higher risk is one of most important task. In these cases the use of colonoscopy is the most frequent method for the screening and follow up as well.]