[Pacemaker therapy - New indications]
VERESS Gábor
APRIL 20, 2003
Lege Artis Medicinae - 2003;13(03)
VERESS Gábor
APRIL 20, 2003
Lege Artis Medicinae - 2003;13(03)
[This article details the classical and newer clinical applications of pacing, i. e. the use of permanent pacing for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, prevention of atrial fibrillation and pacing in long QT syndrome. The cornerstone of definitive pacemaker therapy is the establishement of correct indication and the optimal selection of pacemaker modality which significantly improve the quality of life of patients. The use of combinations of sensors balancing the strengths and weakness of each represents a logical step toward the optimization of rate responsing pacing. Reliable automatic functions have been incorporated in modern pacemakers to improve the efficiency and quality of life of patients.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
Lege Artis Medicinae
Lege Artis Medicinae
[The term ”proteome” (proteome, PROTEin complement to a genOME) by now a generally accepted expression in biomedical science meaning a complete complements of proteins. The discipline ”proteomics”, coined after proteome, deals with the analysis of the complete set of proteins occurring in the living organism. This includes the identification and quantification of proteins, the determination of protein localisation, modifications, interactions, activities and function. Performing comparative studies is an important part of proteomics for the analysis of proteins in health and disease. The knowledge generated is already used for improved diagnostic procedures and development of new drugs and therapies. During the proteome analysis, as outlined in this paper, even very small quantities (concentrations) of proteins are measured, then the protein is identified and its structure is elucidated. This procedure is followed by functional studies. An important part of proteomics is the collection and validation of numerical databases suitable for data mining. There is a general understanding that methodology driven research (e.g. NMR, mass spectrometry, DNA chips) is also an integrated part of this discipline. It is already sensed that the analysis of proteome can lead to the discovery of new proteins proving targets for drug research and to the establishment of new procedures with a perspective of improved diagnosis and therapy.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[Platelet aggregation inhibition is equally important both in conservative and interventional cardiological treatment of acute coronary syndrome. Recently, results from three important trial were published. All three proved the efficacy of the combined aspirin + clopidogrel treatment. The basic results of the three clinical trials (CURE, PCI-CURE, CREDO) are summarized in the article. In the CURE trial the combined primary endpoint was reached in 11.4% of the patients in the control group and in 9.3% in the clopidogrel group. The relative risk reduction was 20%. The combined primary endpoint included CV mortality, MI and stroke. The treatment effect was mostly detectable in the prevention of MI and stroke. In the PCI-CURE trial 2658 patients of the CURE trial were analysed. All of them were treated by coronary angioplasty. In this group the primary endpoint (CV death, nonfatal MI, urgent revascularisation) was reached in 6.4% of the aspirin treated and in 4.5% of the aspirin + clopidogrel treated patients. The relative risk reduction was 30%. The CREDO trial investigated patients after coronary angioplasty. The indication of angioplasty was either acute or chronic. All patients received combined aspirin + clopidogrel but only for four weeks in the control group or for one year in the treatment group. The combined primary endpoint was decreased by 26.9%. In all the 3 trials the risk of bleeding was slightly but significantly increased by the combined aspirin + clopidogrel treatment. Clinical application: based on the results of the 3 trials it is concluded that combined aspirin + clopidogrel treatment is indicated in all patients with acute coronary syndrome, independently from the treatment strategy. The treatment should be continued for one year. This is also applicable for all patients treated with coronary angioplasty.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are systemic disorders. Bowel symptoms are the predominant manifestations, however during the course of the disease a lot of intestinal and extraintestinal complications may occur. Systemic complications are responsible for substantial co-morbidity and they have negative influence on the quality of life. A part of the extraintestinal symptoms seem to have common pathogenetic background with IBD, while others are the consequences of subsequent metabolic and endocrine abnormalities or may relate to local complications and adverse effects of treatment. Growing evidence is available on the role of genetic and immunologic factors in the pathogenesis of extraintestinal manifestations. Most important systemic complications are: peripheral and axial arthritides, osteoporosis, uveitis, erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangraenosum, primary sclerosing cholangitis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, different types of anaemia, thromboembolism, kidney stones and urinary complications. Cooperation with the specialists is very important in the diagnosis and treatment of these comlications. During followup of IBD patients special attention is needed to monitor possible extraintestinal manifestations.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[„Pacemaker syndrome" is a deterioration of the cardiac function following sometimes ventricular pacing. Atrial pacing is advantageous, that can be used in temporary pacemaker application. Long term (>2 days) temporary atrial pacing was performed in 11 patiens. The aim was the temporary stimulation before the definitive AAI implantation (4), bradyarrhythmia complicating acute myocardial infarction (3) and suppression of the drug resistant dysrhythmias (4 patients). Haemodynamic parameters of the patients with myocardial infarction complicated with bradyarrhythmia and heart failure improved using atrial pacing compared to the ventricular one. Refractory supraventricular arrhythmias and the „torsade de pointes" ventricular ones could be effectively suppressed by rapid continuous atrial pacing. The atrial position of the temporary electrode could mostly be achieved without X-ray control. The risk of the dislocation seemed to be lower using special „J” shaped electrodes. In selected patients the application of the temporary atrial (or AV sequential) stimulation is possibly advantage ous resembling to definitive physiological pacing. ]
Clinical Neuroscience
Far lateral lumbar disc herniations (FLDH) consist approximately 0.7-12% of all lumbar disc herniations. Compared to the more common central and paramedian lumbar disc herniations, they cause more severe and persistent radicular pain due to direct compression of the nerve root and dorsal root ganglion. In patients who do not respond to conservative treatments such as medical treatment and physical therapy, and have not developed neurological deficits, it is difficult to decide on surgical treatment because of the nerve root damage and spinal instability risk due to disruption of facet joint integrity. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) on the improvement of both pain control and functional capacity in patients with FLDH. A total of 37 patients who had radicular pain caused by far lateral disc herniation which is visible in their lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, had no neurological deficit and did not respond to conservative treatment, were included the study. TFESI was applied to patients by preganglionic approach. Pre-treatment Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores of the patients were compared with the 3rd week, 3rd month and 6th month scores after the procedure. The mean initial VAS score was 8.63 ± 0.55, while it was 3.84 ± 1.66, 5.09 ± 0.85, 4.56 ± 1.66 at the 3rd week, 3rd month and 6th month controls, respectively. This decrease in the VAS score was found statistically significant (p = 0.001). ODI score with baseline mean value of 52.38 ± 6.84 was found to be 18.56 ± 4.95 at the 3rd week, 37.41 ± 14.1 at the 3rd month and 34.88 ± 14.33 at the 6th month. This downtrend of patient’s ODI scores was found statistically significant (p = 0.001). This study has demonstrated that TFESI is an effective method for gaining increased functional capacity and pain control in the treatment of patients who are not suitable for surgical treatment with radicular complaints due to far lateral lumbar disc hernia.
Clinical Neuroscience
In aging societies, the morbidity and mortality of dementia is increasing at a significant rate, thereby imposing burden on healthcare, economy and the society as well. Patients’ and caregivers’ quality of life and life expectancy are greatly determined by the early diagnosis and the initiation of available symptomatic treatments. Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine have been the cornerstones of Alzheimer’s therapy for approximately two decades and over the years, more and more experience has been gained on their use in non-Alzheimer’s dementias too. The aim of our work was to provide a comprehensive summary about the use of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine for the treatment of Alzheimer’s and non-Alzheimers’s dementias.
Lege Artis Medicinae
[Hungarian professional periodicals started quite late in European context. Their publishing, editing and editorial philosophy were equally influenced by specific historical and political situations. Certain breaking points of history resulted in termination of professional journals (War of Independence 1848-1849, First and Second World Wars), however there were periods, which instigated the progress of sciences and founding of new scientific journals. Both trends were apparent in years after the fall of former Hungarian regime in 1990. The structure of book and journal publishing has changed substantially, some publishers fell “victim” others started successfully as well. The latters include the then-established publishing house Literatura Medica and its own scientific journal, Lege Artis Medicinae (according to its subtitle: New Hungarian Medical Herald) issued first in 1990. Its appearance enhanced significantly the medical press market. Its scientific publications compete with articles of the well-established domestic medical journals however its philosophy set brand-new trends on the market. Concerning the medical community, it takes on its problems and provides a forum for them. These problems are emerging questions in health care, economy and prevention, in close interrelation with system of public health institutions, infrastructure and situation of those providing individual health services. In all of them, Lege Artis Medicinae follows consequently the ideas of traditional social medicine.]
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