[Tolperisone is a centrally acting muscle relaxant that has both antispasticity and antispasmodic properties, but lacks the sedative effect of other muscle relaxants. In the past 50 years, millions of patients with spasticity due to neurological diseases and painful reflex muscle spasm have been treated with this drug. Although few welldesigned, double blind, controlled clinical trials have been published, the efficacy of tolperisone in the treatment of both spasticity and painful reflex muscle spasm is convincing. The tolerability and safety of the drug are well documented. In this respect, one of its greatest advantages is that it has no sedative effect, does not lengthen reaction time, and does not interfere with driving. Further, well-designed controlled trials are clearly required for widening the use of this excellent drug.]

[In Hungary, there was a ward related psychotherapy already since the 1960s, yet without any national network to the 1980s. In Debrecen the spreading of the psychotherapeutic approach started in the psychiatric facilities since the 1990s. Daytime Hospital was founded first in the County Hospital and later on in the Department of Psychiatry of the University. The latter option was provided by separating the psychiatry from neurology. This study presents the development of the day care at the Psychiatric Department along the opportunities and shows the structure of the actually functioning system finally reports on our future plans respectively. Initially started the occupational therapy, gymnastics, community cooking and walking, which did not require any separate rooms. The 22-bed psychotherapeutic unit was established 2014 with its joined capacity for 11 persons in the Daytime Hospital. The County Hospital is engaged primarily in socio-therapy of psychotic psychiatry pa­tients, however the Psychiatric Department is rehabilitating mainly patients with affective spectrum disorders. Patients are treated in socio-therapy and psychotherapy small groups for a half or one year. Afterward they enter the outpatient program, may join the Patient Club or decide for therapeutic occupation aiming the best way of recovery. According to the feedback, there is a long-term change in the mental state of the patients leading to improvement in their quality of life, which we plan to prove by an efficacy research program. ]

[The improvement of the Hungarian hospice network and the increasing number of people dealing with the seriously ill are reflected by the annual hospice reports (2001-2013). However these reports also draw the attention to the cumulating mental and spiritual burdens of carers which can lead to fatigue and burnout. On the base of practical experience we surveyed the mental and spiritual condition of the caregivers of seriously ill patients and also reviewed research findings and the professional literature on the exposure to imperilment. The grounds of professional literature’s research were the Hungarian and international databases. We favoured studies published in Hungarian or English between 2000 and 2014 primarily on carers working in palliative and hospice service. One of the main profits of reviewing the professional literature is getting more detailed information on the mental state of professional caregivers. Relatively new element in researches is studying the relation between burnout and compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue. It includes studying of symptoms and coping strategies. These all enable a better understanding of causes and help us to support hospice carers with more effective methods to protect them from mental and spiritual exhaustion.]

[Mitochondrial diseases are a significant part of neuromuscular diseases. Majority of them is multisystemic disorder. The diagnosis can be established in more and more cases. Beyond the routine neurological examination imaging methods (MRI and MR-spectroscopy) and electrophysiology (EMG, ENG, EEG, evoked potential tests) might be helpful in setting the diagnosis. Raised blood lactate level supports the diagnosis. Muscle biopsy demonstrates mitochondrial abnormalities in the majority of cases. The positivity of genetic tests is low, because the amount of mitochondrial DNA alterations is different in tissues. Therefore other tissue than blood (mainly muscle) is necessary for genetic tests. The other reason is that the respiratory chain is under double -mitochondrial and nuclear - genetic control, and testing the nuclear genes are available only in selected laboratories. The treatment is limited, mainly symptomatic.]