[Background - Management of cerebral perfusion pressure is an important element of the treatment of traumatic brain injury. Vasopressors are accepted as a method of choice to increase mean arterial blood pressure and thus cerebral perfusion pressure in the face of rising intracranial pressure. There are, however, some unresolved issues and potential risks to this therapy. Matherial and methods - This study therefore examines the effects of dopamine on physiological changes as well as on brain edema and water content that can be readily assessed by MRI/MRS in 1. a rodent model of rapidly rising intracranial pressure, caused by diffuse injury with secondary insult and 2. a model of cortical contusion. Results - Dopamine was capable of restoring cerebral perfusion pressure in the model of rapidly rising intracranial pressure. However, this was associated with only a partial restoration of cerebral blood flow. In the brain tissue two profiles of change in the apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCw) were seen; one in which ADCw recovered to baseline, and one in which ADCw remained persistently low. Despite that dopamine did not alter these profiles, MRI-assessed tissue water content was increased four hours after injury and dopamine increased cerebral water content in both subgroups of injury, especially in the subgroup with a persistently low ADCw (p<0,01). In the contusion group dopamine significantly worsened the edema both in the injured and in the contralateral area of hippocampus and temporal cortex even though the ADCw values did not change, except for the contralateral hippocampus, where both water content and ADCw values rose with treatment, suggesting extracellular accumulation of water. Conclusion - The results suggest that dopamine has a double effect - while it temporarily and partially restores cerebral blood perfusion, at the same time it induces an increase in brain swelling and thus an increase in intracranial pressure in some cases. It is possible that in a subgroup of patients vasopressor treatment leads to an opposite effect several hours later. Vasopressor therapy in the clinical setting therefore should be cautiously applied.]

[In this paper we investigate evidences supporting the network concept of epilepsies from different approaches. Firstly the functions of cortical networks in which most of the epileptic networks are embedded, are treated. Then the tentative characteristics of an epileptic network are enumerated and the conversion mechanisms from physiological to epileptic networks are analyzed. Later the role of neuronal oscillations in epileptic networks and aspects of epilepsies provoked by sensory and cognitive tasks is studied. Lastly new fMRI data in mapping BOLD networks underlying spike and seizure discharges are used as arguments in favour of the epileptic network hypothesis. In a second part the well-known epilepsies related, or probably related to physiological networks are shown. Finally consequences of the network approach for creating a new unified epilepsy classification are discussed.]

[Spasticity, as a result of cortical motor neuron injury, is a frequent symptom in neurological disorders. Tolperisone is a centrally acting muscle relaxant, which has been used for 50 years in clinical practice. Tolperisone has a membrane-stabilising effect and it inhibits voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. Although it targets the central neural system, it has no sedative side effects, in contrast to other muscle relaxants. Besides clinical experiences of past decades, the efficacy of tolperisone has also been proved in a study fulfilling evidencebased criteria. In this double-blind, placebo- controlled, randomised, parallel group study, 78.3% of tolperisone-treated patients had an at least one-point reduction on the Asworth scale (a 5-grade scale used the measure spasticity), compared with 45% in the placebo-treated group. The excellent tolerability of tolpe-risone is demonstrated by the finding that the number of adverse events was greater in the placebo group than in the tolpe-risone group. Taking these facts in consideration, tolperisone is a safe and effective drug to treat spasticity.]

[Authors rely on Susan Greenfield’s identity theory to explore life narratives of novel psychoactive substance users in a Hunga­rian sample (n=24). Main nodes of the conceptual network identified in the computer-aided content analysis were personal and institutional relational networks, processing of emotions and sensory experi-ence seeking.]

[A 26 year old male patient with unknown medical background had been admitted at the Department of Anestesiology and Intensive Therapy of the Jávorszky Ödön Hospital in the city of Vác. His HIV positivity had been revealed only at the 8th day of his hospitalization. He was living in a small settlement as an i.v. drug user, unknown to the drug prevention system or the STD primary care providing network. Being an end state AIDS patient, the time of the infection, the number of his contact persons, the source of the infection and the previous epidemiological pathway were not known. With this case report we would like to call attention to the importance of the differential diagnosis of AIDS disease, the role of the proper safety regulations concerning potentially infected and infected persons, the epidemiological importance of undiagnosed infections, and the extension of drug prevention services reachable for all persons in need. ]