[Gastrostomy Laparoscopes]
ANTAL András1, EZER Péter1, GULÁCSY Imre1, KISS Tibor1
APRIL 29, 1992
Lege Artis Medicinae - 1992;2(04)
ANTAL András1, EZER Péter1, GULÁCSY Imre1, KISS Tibor1
APRIL 29, 1992
Lege Artis Medicinae - 1992;2(04)
[Various pathological conditions can prevent patients from feeding orally, even with a functioning gastrointestinal tract. Enteral feeding is better, safer and cheaper than parenteral feeding for long-term feeding of such compromised patients. One way of providing long-term enteral feeding is to use a nasogastric tube, which a significant proportion of patients cannot tolerate for long periods because of its irritating effect. Another option is surgical gastrostomy, but the surgical complication rate is very high (6-56%). A new option for enteral feeding is the continence gastrostomy on the one hand, and the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy on the other, which reduces the chance of complications. In the case of obstructive laesions of the upper alimentary tract, the gastroscopic technique cannot be used and a laparoscopic gastrostomy can be performed instead. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[Malnutrition is a chrocic nutritional disorder resulting from insufficient intake of caloric energy and/or some the fundamental nutrients. Since it is the most common public health problem in the world it has a great impact on pediatric morbidity and mortality. The etiology is extremely complex. When one considers the less severe symptoms and signs caused by vitamin-, mineral-, and trace element deficiencies, it is apparent that not only children living in underprivileged countries are affected. In the course of making the diagnosis an assessment of the nutritional status should also be made, especially considering the above-mentioned marginal nutritional deficiencies. The most common manifestation of nutritional disorders is anemia, which is mostly caused by lack of iron, vitamin B12, folic acid and can be complicated by infections. Nutritional requirements can be affected by several drugs. That is why this medication-nutrition interaction has to be kept in mind during treatment. The interaction of malnutrition and infection is very important, primarily for three reasons: mechanisms by which infection complicates the metabolic and nutritional status of the host; importance of suboptimal nutritional status on susceptibility and severity of intercurrent infections; clinical and therapeutic implication of these interactions. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[The bleeding time is considered to be the best screening test for the detection of disorders of primary haemostasis. Despite a large number of bleeding time tests, the exact pathophysiological background of the prolonged bleeding time is unknown. The significance of the cellular (platelet) von Willebrand protein is emphasized. A sensitive method (Ivy) and standardized devices (Simplate) are suggested. Examination of the bleeding time in cases of von Willebrand disease and congenital or acquired thrombocytopathy is essential. Specific recommendations regarding the rational use of the bleeding time (diagnostic algorythm) are presented. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[This is a brief review on the most important monogenically determined metabolic polymorphisms, their biochemical background and clinical significance. Relevant data from literature are also featured. The authors review data on possible connections between metabolic polymorphism and the risk of certain diseases.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[Includes the following letters : Little Hungarian point system; ...and the injured?; Abuse of psychosomatics the organic dimension of psychiatry; Psychogenic horsekick; ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[Authors analysed the relationship between cognitive function disturbance observed in patients with Parkinson's disease and clinical features of the disease. Relationship between the latency prolongation of the P 300 wave and the duration of substitution therapy, clinical form and severity of the disease (the Hoehn-Yahr stage) was examined. 75 randomly selected young patients with Parkinson's disease were divided in to two groups: one with and the other without dementia as determined by the Wechsler. Hunt and Mini Mental State tests. The latency of the P 300 wave using visual and acoustic stimuli was determinated. Significant prolongation of the latency of P 300 wave evoked both by visual and acoustic target stimuli was found in parkinsonian patients with dementia. Patients with dementia have longer duration of disease and substitution therapy. The akinetic-rigid form of the disease was more frequent in this group as well. A significant part of younger patients are chacarterised not only with motor but with cognitive function disturbance, too. Determination of the latency of P 300 wave helps to select these patients and to choose the adequat therapy. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
Lege Artis Medicinae
[PEG (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) has by now become a widely used method, especially to ensure long-term enteral nutrition. In developed countries nearly 1 in 1000 people have a PEG. Although the use of PEG increases year by year in Hungary, it is still performed too rarely or too late. PEG is an invasive but simple endoscopic technique that may be carried out even at the patient's bed. In cases when the routinely used oral route for oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy is impossible one of the following alternative ways can be chosen: endoscopy via a laryngoscope, through the opened pharynx, through a large pharyngo-oesophageal fistula or transnasally. These allow the bypassing of stenoses and the placement of PEG. There are few absolute contraindications and complications occur rarely. Early treatment and follow-up of dermatitis is important since it may be the first sign of severe complications. PEG tubes may function for many years with proper maintenance. Feeding via PEG tubes is especially effective in head and neck malignancies or injuries and in neurological disorders. In surgery it can be used for the management of surgical complications or for decompression of the stomach and duodenum. PEG-feeding is common in geriatrics and in paediatrics, sometimes with questionable indications. If used with adequate indications, ethical considerations, wise forethought, and a decision made together with the patient and family, PEG may improve lifespan and quality of life, decrease complications and side effects of the therapy and owing to its cosmetic benefits it facilitates re-socialisation.]
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