Concerns regarding the projected prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) over the next several decades have stimulated a need for the detection of AD in its earliest stages. A self-administered cognitive test (Test Your Memory, TYM) is designed as a short, cognitive screening tool for the detection of AD. Our aim was to validate the Hungarian version of the Test Your Memory (TYM-HUN) test for the detection of AD. The TYM-HUN was applied in case of individuals aged 60 years or more, 50 patients with AD and 50 healthy controls were recruited into the study. We compared the diagnostic utility of the Hungarian version of the TYM in AD with that of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The sensitivity and specificity of the TYM-HUN in the detection of Alzheimer’s disease were determined. The patients with AD scored an average of 15.5/30 on the MMSE and 20.3/50 on the TYM-HUN. The average score achieved by the members of the healthy control group was 27.3/30 on the MMSE and 42.7/50 on the TYM. The total TYM-HUN scores significantly correlated with the MMSE scores (Spearman’s rho, r=0.8830; p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression model demonstrated that a one-point increase in the TYM score reduced the probability of having AD by 36%. The optimal cut-off score on the TYM-HUN was 35/36 along with 94% sensitivity and 94% specificity for the detection of AD. The TYM has a much wider scoring range than the MMSE and is also a suitable screening tool for memory problems, furthermore, it fulfils the requirements of being a short cognitive test for the non-specialists. The TYM-HUN is useful for the detection of Alzheimer’s disease and can be applied as a screening test in Hungarian memory clinics as well as in primary care settings.

[Effectiveness in the primary care (PC) depends beyond the general practitioner’s (GP) personality and features of the practice on independent factors that are less weighted in our current performance evaluation scheme (PES). 
Our goal was to demonstrate how the assessment of practice characteristics adjusted to the general practitioners’ performance would supplement the currently applied evaluation scheme. 

We analysed the data from 2012 and 2018 based on the 12 indicators of the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF). To assess the GPs’ professional performance, we developed indicators adjusted for sociodemographic status of patients and location of the practice and examined the dependence of the patients’ care on the GP’s performance. 

According to the practice characteristics adjusted indicators, 43.5% and 21.8% of the GPs’ acknowledged by the NHIF had above-average performance. Those with average performance got bonus in 19.1% and 32.1%, meanwhile 15.3% and 27.9% of those with above-average performance were not appreciated by the NHIF score.

The current system is suitable for monitoring the patients’ care; how­ever, the indicators reflect mainly the favourable conditions but underestimate the performance of disadvantaged practices.
The combined application of crude and adjusted indicators would be able to establish such a PES that could support a more effective interventions and a performance-stimulating financing sys­tem.]

[Neisseria meningitidis, the meningococcus, is a Gram-negative diplococcal bacterium that is only found naturally in humans. The meningococcus is part of the normal microbiota of the human nasopharynx and is commonly carried in healthy individuals. In some cases systemic invasion occurs, which can lead to meningitis and/or septicemia. Invasive disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis is potentially devastating, with a high case fatality rate and high rates of significant sequelae among survivors after septicaemia or meningitis. Between 2006-2015 every year between 34 and 70 were the numbers of the registered invasive disease because of Neisseria meningitis, the morbidity rate was 0.2-0.7⁰⁄₀₀₀₀. Half of the diseases (50.7%) were caused by B serotype N. meningitidis, 23.2% were C serotype. In this article the authors summarise what you must do and must not do as primary care physician when suddenly meeting a young patients suspected of having meningococcus infection. ]

Background and purpose - There is a lack of data on the impact on health related quality of life of peripheral neuropathic pain in Hungary. The main aims of the study were to assess the health related quality of life of nondiabetic PeNP patients identified in general practices through screening, and to assess the relationship between condition specific pain scores and health state utilities. Methods - Non-diabetic patients aged ≥30 years were recruited in 10 general practices in Hungary. At first, patients filled in the PainDETECT Questionnaire (PD-Q) and those who have achieved ≥13 PD-Q score (unclear or possible neuropathic pain) were further assessed by the DN4 questionnaire. Patients with PD-Q score >18 or DN4 score ≥4 were considered to have PeNP and they completed the EQ-5D health questionnaire. Results - Among the 111 patients identified as non-diabetic PeNP patients the mean age was 62 (SD=14) years, 69% were women. Average EQ-5D score was 44% lower than the gender and age matched Hungarian norm (0.42 vs. 0.75, p<0.001) and it worsened with increasing pain intensity. The pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression were the most affected EQ-5D dimensions. Strong relationship was demonstrated between the PD-Q and EQ- 5D score. Most of the PeNP patients (86%) were undiagnosed. Conclusions - Non-diabetic PeNP pain has a huge negative impact on health related quality of life. Although PeNP is a serious chronic condition, the disease burden is seriously underestimated, both on the level of individuals and society, due to the fact that patients are rarely identified.

[Aim of the study: To assess career choices among registered nursing students in terms of primary care. Further, consider which factors predominate in the choice of specialty. Between December 2021 and January 2022, we examined the vision of nursing students at the Semmelweis University Faculty of Health Sciences with the help of an online questionnaire, related to community nursing. Our questionnaire was completed by 188 students. 6.4% of students want to work in primary care after graduation. Those who would like to find a job in this field would choose this specialty in 67.6% because of family-friendly conditions, 40.5% because of lower daily working hours, and 39.2% because of independent work. However, with adequate pay and competencies, more than 60% of students would choose this specialty. Reconciling nurses’ competencies and rethinking pay is essential to make this specialty more attractive to prospective professionals. Training institutions must organise and provide both theoretical and practical training with a focus on today’s expectations.]