[Affective temperaments (cyclothymic, hypertymic, depressive, anxious, irritable) are stable parts of personality and after adolescent only their minor changes are detectable. Their connections with psychopathology is well-described; depressive temperament plays role in major depression, cyclothymic temperament in bipolar II disorder, while hyperthymic temperament in bipolar I disorder. Moreover, scientific data of the last decade suggest, that affective temperaments are also associated with somatic diseases. Cyclothymic temperament is supposed to have the closest connection with hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension is higher parallel with the presence of dominant cyclothymic affective temperament and in this condition the frequency of cardiovascular complications in hypertensive patients was also described to be higher. In chronic hypertensive patients cyclothymic temperament score is positively associated with systolic blood pressure and in women with the earlier development of hypertension. The background of these associations is probably based on the more prevalent presence of common risk factors (smoking, obesity, alcoholism) with more pronounced cyclothymic temperament. The scientific importance of the research of the associations of personality traits including affective temperaments with somatic disorders can help in the identification of higher risk patient subgroups.]

[White-coat hypertension is a heterogenous clinical entity includes patients with lower and higher cardiovascular risk. It has a relative benign prognosis if it is not associated with other cardiovascular risk factors. It can increase, however, significantly the risk of new onset sustained hypertension and diabetes. The risk of cardiovascular events is unequivocally higher than that of normotensive patients, according to recent studies. Therefore, the proper evaluation of cardiovascular risk has utmost importance in white-coat hypertensive patients to determine the adequate treatment and follow-up. Masked hypertension, in the other hand, is not a benign phenotype, therefore regular screening with out-of office blood pressure measurements and pharmacological blood pressure lowering therapy is mandatory.]

[Renovascular hypertension is a well-known form of secunder hypertension. Two thirds of cases are caused by atherosclerotic plaque and one third are caused by fibromuscular dysplasia. The prevalence of it is less than 1%. Digital subtraction angiography is considered the goldstandard diagnostic method. The 58-year old female patient was hospitalized with resistant hypertension. Duplex ultrasonography showed fibromuscular stenosis the in left renal artery. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting were performed. Her blood pressure normalized. The patient did not attend the control examinations. Next time in 2001, she was referred to our emergency department with increased blood pressure of 210/140 mmHg. Following control ultrasonography angiography showed total occlusion of the left renal artery and significant stenosis of the right renal artery. Left nephrectomy was necessary due to shrunken kidney and dilatation and stenting of the right renal artery. The blood pressure normalized again. Since 2004 until 2014 despite of the regular visits, we detected in stent restenosis of the right renal artery almost in each year. Even so, renal function was preserved all the time. In autumn of 2014, the patient suffered severe stroke, and few months later at the age of 74 she died. There are many open questions to discus concerning the right treatment of renovascular hypertension yet. Even so by performing 12 intravascular interventions we could ensure her acceptable quality of life for 16 years.]

[Hypertension is an independent cardiovascular risk factor and one of the most frequent diseases in Hungary. In the treatment of hypertensive patients usually more than two drugs are needed for the appropriate blood pressure control. Resistant hypertension (RH) is defined when blood pressure remains above target value despite full doses of antihypertensive medications, which consist of at least three different classes of drugs including a diuretic administered in maximal doses. The frequency of RH can reach 20-30% among hypertensive patients. RH increases the cardiovascular risk because of the lack of target blood pressure. RH is multifactorial and it is important to exclude pseudo-resistant hypertension (e.g. poor compliance, white coat effect). In the background of RH we can find lifestyle factors (e.g. obesity, excessive salt intake, alcoholism, etc.) and a variety of drugs (e.g. non-steroids, corticosteroids, sympathomimetics). In the pathogenesis of RH the increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system has an important role. In the treatment of RH we should manage lifestyle factors and it is important to assess the drugs and diseases (e.g. sleep apnea, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus) which may cause increased blood pressure. It is no exact recommendations for the treatment of RH. Therapy often consists of 4-5 various drugs in combination. An important role has the device therapy of RH in recent years (e.g. stimulation of the carotid baroreceptors and renal denervation) as well.]

[The importance of adolescent hypertension is that there is tight correlation between blood pressure data in adolescents and in adulthood. In case of sustained adolescent hypertension increase of the left ventricular mass and the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery is also detected. The prevalence of adolescent hypertension is about 1-4%. Among them 1-41% is the frequency of white-coat hypertension. Diagnosis can be set up with repeated measurements at home, or with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. In the background of adolescent white-coat hypertension the increased sympathetic activity has outstanding importance, which causes endothel dysfunction and increased arterial stiffness. There are growing evidence, that adolescent white coat hypertension is not a harmless condition, because sustained hypertension can develop in the future. In its case risk survey, start of non-pharmacological treatment, and follow-up has major importance.]