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[The present review is compiled of two parts, the first part aims to summarize the induction immunosuppressive therapy, the second part delineates the outcome and complications of ANCA-associated vasculitis. ANCA-associated vasculitis is a systemic disease, accompanied with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and severe, often life-threatening extrarenal complications. By early diagnosis and immediate initiation of immunosuppressive therapy both patient and renal outcome have been substantially improved. The major aims of modern therapeutic protocols are, besides improving survival, to decrease immunosuppressive drug toxicity and avoid infections. Immunosuppression is based on the combination of large dose of corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide, which is advisable to supplement by plasma exchange. The B-cell depleting anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab, which has already been available in Hungary, has been proved to be similarly effective in newly diagnosed ANCA-vasculitis, and even more effective in a relapsing disease, compared to cyclophosphamide. Amongst rituximab’s further indications in this disease is the preservation of young women’s fertility, and it also has priority in some other special cases. Early diagnosis and prompt immunosuppressive treatment have resulted that ANCAvasculitis became a treatable disease with reasonably good clinical outcome, yet both the disease and the immunosuppressive medications frequently cause complications, which necessitate continuous alertness of the attending nephrologists.]
[In the elderly (˃65 yrs) and very elderly (˃80 yrs) large clinical investigations showed that isolated systolic hypertension is the most frequent form of hypertension. In the background, several cardiovascular, neural and hormonal changes have been proved. One of the most important pathogenetic factor is the increase of arterial stiffness. This leads to the increase of pulse wave velocity and systolic blood pressure, and also to the decrease of diastolic blood pressure. Consequently, pulse pressure increases. All these factors contribute to the increase in incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular consequences of hypertension, which are more frequent than in younger ages.]
[In both sexes combining different types clinical questionnaire and results of exercise test in a point system can more reliably predict 10 years mortality or survival. The method in both sexes is reliably suitable for the screening of highly endangered individuals in everyday practice.]
[Renovascular hypertension is a well-known form of secunder hypertension. Two thirds of cases are caused by atherosclerotic plaque and one third are caused by fibromuscular dysplasia. The prevalence of it is less than 1%. Digital subtraction angiography is considered the goldstandard diagnostic method. The 58-year old female patient was hospitalized with resistant hypertension. Duplex ultrasonography showed fibromuscular stenosis the in left renal artery. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting were performed. Her blood pressure normalized. The patient did not attend the control examinations. Next time in 2001, she was referred to our emergency department with increased blood pressure of 210/140 mmHg. Following control ultrasonography angiography showed total occlusion of the left renal artery and significant stenosis of the right renal artery. Left nephrectomy was necessary due to shrunken kidney and dilatation and stenting of the right renal artery. The blood pressure normalized again. Since 2004 until 2014 despite of the regular visits, we detected in stent restenosis of the right renal artery almost in each year. Even so, renal function was preserved all the time. In autumn of 2014, the patient suffered severe stroke, and few months later at the age of 74 she died. There are many open questions to discus concerning the right treatment of renovascular hypertension yet. Even so by performing 12 intravascular interventions we could ensure her acceptable quality of life for 16 years.]
[The prevalence of hyperuricemia is is increasing as it is related by several different mechanisms to obesity and metabolic syndrome spreading epidemically worldwide. Several beneficial cardiovascular and renorotective effects of the xanthin-oxydase inhibitor allopurinol, administered in the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout, have been found out recently. The newest European EULAR guidelines for the treatment of gout recommended the treat-to target principle. A target value of ≤360 umol/l in patients with mild-to moderate gout and ≤300 umol/l in more serious cases has been suggested. The guidelines took an unequivocal commitment, that allopurinol is the first-line treatment. The hypouricemic therapy should be started as soon as possible after the diagnosis and should be continued lifelong in patients with gout.]
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