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Hungarian Radiology - 2005;79(06)
Content
Hungarian Radiology
DECEMBER 10, 2005
Hungarian Radiology
DECEMBER 10, 2005
[Ultrasound of the acute pediatric scrotum]
[Proper evaluation of the acute scrotum, like any condition, starts with a history and physical examination by an experienced clinician. Often this is all that is needed to arrive at an accurate diagnosis, which then allows prompt and appropriate treatment. However, the true nature of the underlying disease producing scrotal pain is not always clear, and the consequences of error (testicular loss) are undesirable. Ultrasound is the single most useful imaging tool for imaging the scrotum. While nuclear medicine studies can help assess blood flow, the combination of anatomic detail provided by modern ultrasound equipment and the ability to assess blood flow and perfusion with color Doppler makes ultrasound invaluable. Properly performed and interpreted, ultrasound provides very high sensitivity and specificity for acute scrotal conditions. Understanding of the conditions that produce acute scrotal pain in children will improve one’s diagnostic abilities. The most important diagnosis to consider is testicular torsion, since untreated this will result in testicular death. While testicular torsion can occur at any age, it is most common in the perinatal and peripubertal age groups. Torsion of a testicular appendage is a frequent cause of scrotal pain in prepubertal males. The sonographic findings can mimic epididymitis, but diligent and focused sonographic examination can make the diagnosis. Epididymitis typically affects postpubertal males, but can be seen in younger patients with functional or anatomic urinary tract anomalies. Sonographic evaluation of the post-traumatic painful scrotum can help to differentiate injuries that can be managed conservatively and those that require surgery. Less common causes of scrotal pain include hernias and hydroceles, vasculitis, and idiopathic edema. Understanding the characteristic sonographic features of these conditions allows the examining physician to make more accurate and confident diagnoses. It is hoped that this review article will help to promote this understanding.]
Hungarian Radiology
DECEMBER 10, 2005
[Male breast cancer]
[Male breast cancer does not get a sufficient attention which would be appropriate due to its special features. Diagnostical and therapeutical protocols are not existing, a national center and international collaboration would be necessary. Incidence of male breast cancer is one percent of the female breast cancers, and 5 percent of all male cancers. The absolute number of the cases increased in the past years. The mutation of gene BRCA2 plays the main role in the male breast cancer. The breast cancer of the men is a "late disease", because often neither the doctor nor the patient considers this opportunity. The diagnosis is often established at an advanced stage. Cancer can occur on both sides, but the right breast is more often affected. Staging is the same as in female patients. Prognosis is poorer than in females, the tumor-receptor rate is better, HER2 in men does not plays any role. Basic principles of diagnostics and therapy are same as in females, mainly because there is no consensus about the treatment of the male breast cancer. The same proved protocols are used in men which are applied in women. The ground-method is surgery, reduced radicality and mastectomy is usually applied. Males react on hormone therapy better, than women, mainly chemotherapy is suggested. Follow up of the patients and the psychological support is extremely important. A multidisciplinary collaboration is necessary in the treatment of the male patient, and education is of great importance.]
Hungarian Radiology
DECEMBER 10, 2005
[Isolated gallbladder rupture following blunt abdominal trauma]
[INTRODUCTION - Gallbladder injuries following blunt abdominal trauma occur rarely and are usually associated with damage to other abdominal organs. Isolated rupture of the gallbladder is extremely rare. CASE REPORT - A 42-year old intoxicated male patient suffered a blunt abdominal trauma 4 days before the admission. The physical examination was of normal and no specific laboratory values were found. Ultrasound examination demonstrated the gallbladder with hyperechoic thickened wall and inhomogenous content. Beside of the gallbladder fluid collection was detected with irregular margins. To prove the diagnosis of gallbladder injury computed tomography was carried out. Break of the gallbladder wall and hight density lumen content, corresponding to blood was detected. Around the gallbladder an irregular fluid collection was seen, which reached the level of the transverse section of the mesocolon. Computed tomography excluded traumatic lesion of other parenchimal abdominal organs. Surgery confirmed the radiological diagnosis. CONCLUSION - The patient with isolated gallbladder injury had a multiphasic clinical course. Sometimes the diagnosis has to be established at a relatively asymptomatic stage. The basic methods of the diagnostics are the ultrasound examination and computed tomography.]
Hungarian Radiology
DECEMBER 10, 2005
[X-ray examination of paintings]
[INTRODUCTION - After the discovery of X-ray it was not only used for medical purposes, but also to study the internal structure of various objects. The X-ray examination can be applied not only to examine paintings, but other works of art. METHODS AND RESULTS - The rontgenograms are made by industrial film without any screen in the museum. In case of paintings soft-beam examination technique was used. The basic principle of the X-ray examination of different paintings is based on the presence of different atomic number in different paints. Authors after the examination of four paintings achieved a significant finding. In these paintings the stylistic and structural features of the pictures, injuries, originality, changes in the composition during the work of the artist can be studied. CONCLUSIONS - Recordings made by an industrial radiological equipment in the Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest) are helpful in the restorer work.]
Hungarian Radiology
DECEMBER 10, 2005
Hungarian Radiology
DECEMBER 10, 2005
Hungarian Radiology
DECEMBER 10, 2005
Hungarian Radiology
DECEMBER 10, 2005
Hungarian Radiology
DECEMBER 10, 2005
Hungarian Radiology
DECEMBER 10, 2005
Hungarian Radiology
DECEMBER 10, 2005
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Clinical Neuroscience
Alexithymia is associated with cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease
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Clinical Neuroscience
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Clinical Neuroscience
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Clinical Neuroscience
Retinal morphological changes during the two years of follow-up in Parkinson’s disease
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