FARKAS Henriette
MARCH 20, 2002
Hungarian Immunology - 2002;1(01)
[The author describes the genetic background of hereditary angioneurotic edema, an autosomal dominant disorder. The pathomechanism of edemaformation and the significance of major mediator substances are explained along with clinical manifestations and their management. A special emphasis is placed on prophylaxis, the mainstay of which is the elimination of precipitating factors. The latter include mechanical trauma, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions performed in the cephalic-cervical region, mental stress, and sex hormones. The effect of endocrine therapies, ACE inhibitors, and infections - Helicobacter pylori in particular - on the natural course of the disease is also discussed.]
Hungarian Immunology
[Each individual passes through developmental or transient immunodeficiency due to the immaturity of the immune system in early childhood, expecially in the neonatal period. Therefore, neonates contract infections by intracellular and extracellular microorganisms more easily than older children and adults, and develop more severe disease with a high mortality rate. A number of abnormalities in the neonate’s host defense systems have been described suggesting that the immune system at birth functionally differs from that in adults. Neonatal T and B cells show decreased reactivity to antigens and mitogens and have deficienct IgM-IgG isotype switching. Newborns have decreased functional capacities of the hemolytic complement system. Under the same in vitro and in vivo conditions neonatal granulocytes show functional deficiency earlier than adult cells. Effector mechanisms of the cell-mediated immunity involve activation of macrophages by T helper1 cytokines, particularly interferon- γ (IFN-γ). IFN-γ is the most important macrophage-activating cytokine in vivo. Neonatal T cells express lower levels of IFN-γ and macrophages are hyporesponsive to activation by this cytokine. This deficiency may be explained by decreased phosphorilation of STAT1 despite comparable expression of STAT1 protein in neonatal and adult macrophages.]
Hungarian Immunology
Hungarian Immunology
Hungarian Immunology
[INTRODUCTION - The CD44 molecule - the physiologic hialuronic acid receptor - is one of key mediators that direct the traffic of leukocytes into inflamed tissues. When applied in animal models of autoimmune arthritis, parenteral anti-CD44 antibody treatment exerts a dramatic antiinflammatory effect, but at high doses also a leukopenic effect. The goal of the present work is to elucidate the cellular basis of these phenomena. METHODS - In this study the authors used Western blot, immunoprecipitation, cell adhesion studies, flow chamber system studies (leukocyte rolling) and fluorescence microscopy following fluorescent labeling of actin cytoskeleton. RESULTS - Adhesion of CD44-expressing leukocytes to immobilized hialuronic acid does not result marked changes in cellular morphology. When incubated on immobilized anti-CD44 antibody, however, these cells spread, reorganize the actin cytoskeleton, and they adhere strongly to the surface. Studying the mechanisms of signal transduction, the authors found that engagement of CD44 with anti- CD44 antibody results in its enhanced association with numerous cytoskeletal regulator proteins, including ezrin, ankyrin, spectrin and focal adhesion kinase, thereby increasing the interaction between the cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane. Strong adhesion of the cells to immobilized anti-CD44 also prevents the rolling movement of these cells, mediated by CD44-hialuronic acid interactions, which precedes the extravasation of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. CONCLUSION - These results may provide insight into the antiinflammatory mechanisms of anti- CD44 antibody treatment. Based on these results and results published by other investigators, anti- CD44 antibodies may be uselful in the immunotherapy of rheumatic diseases.]
Clinical Neuroscience
[Data of our 254 patients who were treated with rt-PA between 1st of Jan, 2011 and 31st of Dec, 2014 were processed. We focused on angioneurotic oedema as allergic complication of thrombolysis which caused life threatening respiratory obstruction in two cases. We describe these two patients’ history. Out of 254 patients six (2.3%) suffered angioneurotic edema caused respiratory obstruction in two (0.90%) cases. This occurrence is approximately 1.3-5.1% in literature. Five, out of six patients who suffered from angioneurotic oedema, had been treated with ACE inhibitors or ARB before. The role of ACE inhibitors is known in metabolism of bradykinin cascade. Plasmin which present during thrombolysis, precipitates biochemical mechanisms of this potential life threatening complication. Therefore rt-PA alone can be the cause of angioedema, but it can be more frequent together with ACE inhibitors therapy.]
Hypertension and nephrology
[The authors review those components and mechanisms in the two major regulatory systems of circulation and inflammation-coagulation whose internal balance and interactions are pathologically altered during SARS-CoV-2 infection, thereby enhancing lung and systemic inflammation threatening to enter into severe clinical condition. They examine the question of how – in addition to potentially promoting the coronavirus cellular entry and penetration – the RAS inhibitor therapy affects these changes and whether can be supposed difference between the anti-/pro-inflammatory influence of ACEi and ARB treatment of old hypertensive patients representing a remarkably high proportion of victims in COVID-19 epidemic. The paper is focussing to the pathomechanical background of inflammation beyond the direct immunological response to the infection: to the significance of immunological alterations characterizing old hypertensive patients also in basic condition, and to the key components as angiotensin II, ACE2, angiotensin1-7, bradykinin, ARB and ACEi. In conclusion a consideration on optimal point of action is offered in RASi treated and SARS-CoV-2 infected (old) hypertensive patients.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[INTRODUCTION - Changes in the body's hormonal equilibrium may alter the frequency of angioedema attacks in patients with hereditary angioneurotic edema. We assessed the relations between the angioedema attacks and puberty, menstruation, anticoncipient pill taking, pregnancy, delivery and menopausa. We also studied the possible impact of an embryo with hereditary angioneurotic edema on the frequency of attacks during pregnancy. PATIENTS, METHODS AND RESULTS - 53 female patients were included in the study. Data was surveyed by a questionnaire and detailed gynecological examination. We pointed out that the frequency of the attacks increased in 34% of the patients during puberty, in 58% of the patients at the time of menstruation and in 63% of the contraceptive pill users. In 36% of the women the frequency decreased in the postmenopausal state. In case the pregnancy affected the disease, the embryo with hereditary angioneurotic edema increased the number of attacks during pregnancy. CONCLUSION - Our analysis shows that conditions with sexual hormon alterations have an effect on the number of edematous attacks, therefore patients with hereditary angioneurotic edema need more attention both in nursing and therapy when they are in a life-period of hormonal change. Our results offer the oppurtunity of a better prediction of edematous attacks thus the oppurtunity of better therapy and better quality of life.]
1.
2.
Clinical Neuroscience
Cases of inborn errors of metabolism diagnosed in children with autism3.
Clinical Neuroscience
Evaluation of the effectiveness of transforaminal epidural steroid injection in far lateral lumbar disc herniations4.
Clinical Neuroscience
Electrophysiological investigation for autonomic dysfunction in patients with myasthenia gravis: A prospective study5.
2.
3.
Lege Artis Medicinae
[Hermit caves facing each other. New contacts in art during the COVID pandemic]4.
5.
COMMENTS
0 comments