Clinical Oncology - 2019;6(03)

Clinical Oncology

AUGUST 30, 2019

[Role of calcium metabolism in malignant diseases]

MÉSZÁROS Szilvia, TAKÁCS István

[Calcium plays a key role in a wide range of biologic functions. It is involved in skeletal mineralization, muscle functions, nerve transmission, and hormonal secretion and modulate various cellular functions too. Lines of research, on possible association of calcium metabolism regulation with tumorigenesis have been extensively studied in the recent decades. Implying disruptions and/or alterations of known regulatory and molecular pathways can lead to severe, sometimes life-threatening complications. The shift in physiological regulation and pathological factors also affect bone metastases and hypercalcaemia in cancer patients. For this reason, it is important to know about the changes in calcium metabolism and its treatment options in cancerous diseases.]

HUN 2019;6(03)

Clinical Oncology

AUGUST 30, 2019

[The American Society of Clinical Oncology 2019. Annual The most important news of the congress]

ANDRÁS Csilla, BÉGÁNYI Nóra, DEMETER Gyula, HARISI Revekka, HIDEGHÉTY Katalin, LAKATOS Gábor, MARÁZ Anikó, NIKOLÉNYI Aliz, OLÁH Judit, OSTOROS Gyula, PETÁK István, RÉVÉSZ János, SIPŐCZ István, SZENTMÁRTONI Gyöngyvér, TÍMÁR József, TORDAY László, VAJDICS Tímea

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HUN 2019;6(03)

Clinical Oncology

AUGUST 30, 2019

[Electrochemotherapy]

KIS Erika Gabriella

[Tumors with standard electrochemotherapy (ECT) has raised over the past decade from skin cancers to locally advanced or metastatic tumors. The procedure became a reliable alternative of other local tumor ablation methods, because of its patient tolerability, effi cacy across histotypes, and repeatability. ECT is based on the physical phenomenon of reversible electroporation; short electric pulses are applied to tumor nodules to achieve transient cell membrane permeabilization to otherwire poorly permeant chemotherapy drugs, which consequently increases cytotoxicity. At present recognized indications include superfi cial metastases of malignant melanoma, breast cancer, head and neck skin tumors, Kaposi sarcoma, primary and recurrent nonmelanoma skin cancers, and in well-selected patients mucosal oropharyngeal cancers. Emerging applications include skin metastases from visceral or hematological malignancies, vulvar cancer, certain benign skin lesions, and the combination of ECT with systemic immunotherapy. Thanks to the technical developments, the new ECT indications are deep-seated tumors, including bone metastases, liver malignancies, pancreatic and prostate cancers with the use of long needle variable geometry electrodes. Herein we review the present status of ECT from the basic principles to emerging applications, and report the effi cacy of standard ECT across histotypes.]

HUN 2019;6(03)

Clinical Oncology

AUGUST 30, 2019

[Beyond second line therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review]

D. Arnold, G. W. Prager, A. Quintela, A. Stein, S. Moreno Vera, J. Taieb

[Background: The optimal chemotherapeutic regimen for use beyond the second line for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains unclear. Materials and methods: We systematically searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE and Medline for records published between January 2002 and May 2017, and cancer congress databases for records published between January 2014 and June 2017. Eligible studies evaluated the effi cacy, safety and patient-reported outcomes of monotherapies or combination therapies at any dose and number of treatment cycles for use beyond the second line in patients with mCRC. Studies were assessed for design and quality, and a qualitative data synthesis was conducted to understand the impact of treatment on overall survival and other relevant cancer-related outcomes. Results: The search yielded 938 references of which 68 were included for qualitative synthesis. There was limited evidence to support rechallenge with chemotherapy, targeted therapy or both. Compared with placebo, an overall survival benefi t for trifl uridine/tipiracil (also known as TAS-102) or regorafenib has been shown for patients previously treated with conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapy. There was no evidence to suggest a difference in effi cacy between these treatments. Patient choice and quality of life at this stage of treatment should also be considered when choosing an appropriate therapy. Conclusions: These fi ndings support the introduction of an approved agent such as trifl uridine/tipiracil or regorafenib beyond the second line before any rechallenge in patients with mCRC who have failed second line treatment.]

HUN 2019;6(03)

Clinical Oncology

AUGUST 30, 2019

[Prevention of drug-related neuropathy in the clinical practice]

VAJDICS Tímea

[There was a revolution of oncological treatments in the last fi ve years caused by introduction of immuncheckpoint inhibitors. Platinum and taxane based chemotherapies are the standard of care of the most frequent malignancies such as colon and breast cancer. Signifi cant improvement was achieved concerning side effects of chemotherapy in the few past decades. Preventive treatment of vomiting, neutropenia, aneamia are now based on clinical evidences. Meanwhile, there remained side effects (including chemotherapy induced neuropathy) which are diffi cult to treat. This article provides overwiev of the pharmacological therapies, vitamins and non-pharmacological procedures aimed to prevent chemotherapy induced neuropathy. Unfortunately still there are no drugs that are highly effective of preventing of chemotherapy induced periferial neuropathy validated in randomized clinical trials.]

HUN 2019;6(03)

Clinical Oncology

AUGUST 30, 2019

[A chemist’s thoughts about alternative medicine]

FÁBIÁN István

[Alternative medicine offers a virtual challenge for classical 21st century evidence based medicine even that the latest is justifi ed by effi cacy and survival improvements. The theoretical basis of the alternative medicine is not justifi ed by experimental or clinical evidence. Ethics of the contemporary pharmacologic marketing equally considers the interest of the patient, the doctor and the pharmacological company. Unfortunately, alternative medicine does not consider market ethics and gains unjustifi ed competitive advantage. Beside the statements of the professional organizations, it is necessary continuously inform the patients and the doctors on the lack of real evidence on the effi cacies of these ”alternative” medical solutions.]

HUN 2019;6(03)