[Effect of Andaxin ( meprobamate) on skeletal muscle phosphorylase activity]
KOCSÁR László1, VERESS Olivia1, KAJTOR Ferenc1
MARCH 01, 1960
Clinical Neuroscience - 1960;13(03)
KOCSÁR László1, VERESS Olivia1, KAJTOR Ferenc1
MARCH 01, 1960
Clinical Neuroscience - 1960;13(03)
[1. The effect of Andaxin (meprobamate) on skeletal muscle phosphorylase activity of dogs, rats, rabbits and guinea pigs after 4-6 days of enteral meprobamate administration was investigated. 2. Our results show that after Andaxin treatment, the phosphorylase activity of dog muscle decreased by 25-73% (45% on average) and that of rat muscle by 19-56% (40%). 3. Rabbit muscle phosphorylase activity increased by -9.3 -( +170.0)% (43%) and guinea pig by 114% after Andaxin administration. 4. The phosphorylase activity of skeletal muscle of dog, rat, rabbit, guinea pig was not affected by Andaxin in vitro.]
Clinical Neuroscience
[1. Based on a comparison of the symptoms of eight schizophrenic patients with ES block before and after treatment with 50- 125 gamma LSD, the change in response after treatment was analysed from a pathophysiological and localisation point of view. 2. ES block treatment did not completely prevent the development of LSD intoxication symptoms, but the reactio was strikingly poor. No activating effect was observed. 3. Symptoms partially corresponded to specific LSD symptoms. No cortex localisable intoxication symptoms developed. 4. Subcortical and midbrain symptoms were present. Brainstem movement disturbances and neurovegetative changes were suggestive of diencephalic dysregulation.]
Clinical Neuroscience
[The author presents a detailed description of Ferenc Schwartzer, found in the Hungarian National Archives, written by Adolf Hollán, the counsellor of the Interior Ministry, in his own handwritten submission for the award of the medal on 27 October 1871.]
Clinical Neuroscience
[Based on his observation of 30 epileptic patients, the author found intravascular N. given in combination with standard antiepileptic drugs to be therapeutically effective in the majority of cases in the treatment of affective and mood disorders, and in the elimination of foggy states of consciousness. The anticonvulsant action of N. was pronounced in the resolution of both sporadic and status seizures. The improvement was confirmed by EEG studies along with clinical symptoms. Based on the literature on the pathomechanism of epileptic disease symptoms and his own clinical and EEG observations, he attempts to explain the complex effect of N. He considers its use to be justified mainly in cases where conventional treatments have not led to satisfactory results. ]
Clinical Neuroscience
[The effects of strophanthin on cerebral circulation and brain potassium and sodium balance were studied in circulatory healthy people. The blood flow through the brain increases with acute strophanthin, while the resistance of cerebral blood vessels decreases. Cerebral venous pressure is also markedly reduced. The brain releases potassium in response to Strophanthin. It is considered likely that strophanthin has a significant brain attack point. Alteration of the brain's potassium balance is a major cause of the central effect of strophanthin.]
Clinical Neuroscience
[The development of specific operating rules for institutions for the treatment of the mentally ill, different from those for hospitals, in line with their specific situation, and taking into account the following aspects: 1. in the case of rehabilitation institutions, economic profitability, with appropriate deductions for the remuneration of patients. 2. in the case of a therapeutic establishment, the therapeutic aspect, with the possibility of rewarding the patient in various ways for psychotherapeutic purposes and, at the same time, with appropriate social care. 3. formation of a joint committee of appropriate financial and mental health professionals to clarify various financial issues.]
Clinical Neuroscience
[A growing body of evidence suggests that sleep plays an essential role in the consolidation of different memory systems, but less is known about the beneficial effect of sleep on relational memory processes and the recognition of emotional facial expressions, however, it is a fundamental cognitive skill in human everyday life. Thus, the study aims to investigate the effect of timing of learning and the role of sleep in relational memory processes. 84 young adults (average age: 22.36 (SD: 3.22), 21 male/63 female) participated in our study, divided into two groups: evening group and morning group indicating the time of learning. We used the face-name task to measure relational memory and facial expression recognition. There were two sessions for both groups: the immediate testing phase and the delayed retesting phase, separated by 24 hours. 84 young adults (average age: 22.36 (SD: 3.22), 21 male/63 female) participated in our study, divided into two groups: evening group and morning group indicating the time of learning. We used the face-name task to measure relational memory and facial expression recognition. There were two sessions for both groups: the immediate testing phase and the delayed retesting phase, separated by 24 hours. Our results suggest that the timing of learning and sleep plays an important role in the stabilizing process of memory representation to resist against forgetting.]
Clinical Neuroscience
Far lateral lumbar disc herniations (FLDH) consist approximately 0.7-12% of all lumbar disc herniations. Compared to the more common central and paramedian lumbar disc herniations, they cause more severe and persistent radicular pain due to direct compression of the nerve root and dorsal root ganglion. In patients who do not respond to conservative treatments such as medical treatment and physical therapy, and have not developed neurological deficits, it is difficult to decide on surgical treatment because of the nerve root damage and spinal instability risk due to disruption of facet joint integrity. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) on the improvement of both pain control and functional capacity in patients with FLDH. A total of 37 patients who had radicular pain caused by far lateral disc herniation which is visible in their lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, had no neurological deficit and did not respond to conservative treatment, were included the study. TFESI was applied to patients by preganglionic approach. Pre-treatment Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores of the patients were compared with the 3rd week, 3rd month and 6th month scores after the procedure. The mean initial VAS score was 8.63 ± 0.55, while it was 3.84 ± 1.66, 5.09 ± 0.85, 4.56 ± 1.66 at the 3rd week, 3rd month and 6th month controls, respectively. This decrease in the VAS score was found statistically significant (p = 0.001). ODI score with baseline mean value of 52.38 ± 6.84 was found to be 18.56 ± 4.95 at the 3rd week, 37.41 ± 14.1 at the 3rd month and 34.88 ± 14.33 at the 6th month. This downtrend of patient’s ODI scores was found statistically significant (p = 0.001). This study has demonstrated that TFESI is an effective method for gaining increased functional capacity and pain control in the treatment of patients who are not suitable for surgical treatment with radicular complaints due to far lateral lumbar disc hernia.
Clinical Neuroscience
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder of neuromuscular transmission. Autonomic dysfunction is not a commonly known association with MG. We conducted this study to evaluate autonomic functions in MG & subgroups and to investigate the effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. This study comprised 30 autoimmune MG patients and 30 healthy volunteers. Autonomic tests including sympathetic skin response (SSR) and R-R interval variation analysis (RRIV) was carried out. The tests were performed two times for patients who were under acetylcholinesterase inhibitors during the current assessment. The RRIV rise during hyperventilation was better (p=0.006) and Valsalva ratio (p=0.039) was lower in control group. The SSR amplitudes were lower thereafter drug intake (p=0.030). As much as time went by after drug administration prolonged SSR latencies were obtained (p=0.043).Valsalva ratio was lower in the AchR antibody negative group (p=0.033). The findings showed that both ocular/generalized MG patients have a subclinical parasympathetic abnormality prominent in the AchR antibody negative group and pyridostigmine has a peripheral sympathetic cholinergic noncumulative effect.
Clinical Neuroscience
[The well-known gap between stroke mortality of Eastern and Western European countries may reflect the effect of socioeconomic differences. Such a gap may be present between neighborhoods of different wealth within one city. We set forth to compare age distribution, incidence, case fatality, mortality, and risk factor profile of stroke patients of the poorest (District 8) and wealthiest (District 12) districts of Budapest. We synthesize the results of our former comparative epidemiological investigations focusing on the association of socioeconomic background and features of stroke in two districts of the capital city of Hungary. The “Budapest District 8–12 project” pointed out the younger age of stroke patients of the poorer district, and established that the prevalence of smoking, alcohol-consumption, and untreated hypertension is also higher in District 8. The “Six Years in Two Districts” project involving 4779 patients with a 10-year follow-up revealed higher incidence, case fatality and mortality of stroke in the less wealthy district. The younger patients of the poorer region show higher risk-factor prevalence, die younger and their fatality grows faster during long-term follow-up. The higher prevalence of risk factors and the higher fatality of the younger age groups in the socioeconomically deprived district reflect the higher vulnerability of the population in District 8. The missing link between poverty and stroke outcome seems to be lifestyle risk-factors and lack of adherence to primary preventive efforts. Public health campaigns on stroke prevention should focus on the young generation of socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods. ]
Clinical Neuroscience
Sandhoff disease is a rare type of hereditary (autosomal recessive) GM2-gangliosidosis, which is caused by mutation of the HEXB gene. Disruption of the β subunit of the hexosaminidase (Hex) enzyme affects the function of both the Hex-A and Hex-B isoforms. The severity and the age of onset of the disease (infantile or classic; juvenile; adult) depends on the residual activity of the enzyme. The late-onset form is characterized by diverse symptomatology, comprising motor neuron disease, ataxia, tremor, dystonia, psychiatric symptoms and neuropathy. A 36-year-old female patient has been presenting progressive, symmetrical lower limb weakness for 9 years. Detailed neurological examination revealed mild symmetrical weakness in the hip flexors without the involvement of other muscle groups. The patellar reflex was decreased on both sides. Laboratory tests showed no relevant alteration and routine electroencephalography and brain MRI were normal. Nerve conduction studies and electromyography revealed alterations corresponding to sensory neuropathy. Muscle biopsy demonstrated signs of mild neurogenic lesion. Her younger brother (32-year-old) was observed with similar symptoms. Detailed genetic study detected a known pathogenic missense mutation and a 15,088 base pair long known pathogenic deletion in the HEXB gene (NM_000521.4:c.1417G>A; NM_000521:c.-376-5836_669+1473del; double heterozygous state). Segregation analysis and hexosaminidase enzyme assay of the family further confirmed the diagnosis of late-onset Sandhoff disease. The purpose of this case report is to draw attention to the significance of late-onset Sandhoff disease amongst disorders presenting with proximal predominant symmetric lower limb muscle weakness in adulthood.
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