[Aim of the study: Evaluation of prevalence and manner of verbal and psychical aggression, as well as measuring its emotional impact on the healthcare workers. Sample and methods: A total of 453 healthcare workers were involved in a national cross-sectional study using self-administrative questionnaires. Data were analyzed by descriptive methods, Chi square and Wilcoxon test using SPSS 19. A p-value of <0, 05 was accepted as statistically significant. Results: 86,1% of the participating healthcare workers (n=453) have reported being subject of aggression (verbal and/or psychical) during their work. Of the participants’ sociodemographic parameters, age was found to be a significant factor in incidents involving aggression, which had a statistically significant negative emotional impact. It was also established, that those healthcare workers who have been subject to aggression received more support from their colleagues than from their institution after the incident. Conclusions: Occurrences involving aggression in healthcare is a common phenomenon. The authors’s results show that there is an urgent need to develop an aggression management programme for all healthcare workers since they can encounter aggressive patients on all fields of medicine. ]

[The authors analyse data of the last ten years of renal care. According to the principles of care they prefer to have contact at least once to all patients with an estimated clearance less than 60 ml/min, and on a regular basis to those with less than 30 ml/min. Their fundamental ambition is to develop the most favourable therapy for the patients together with general practitioners and with representatives of other specialities. The most important aim is to reduce cardio-renal morbidity and mortality. Early detection and effective treatment of target organ damage are the tools for this. It is clear from their previous work that it was not successful in the first period of care (2000-2005) especially in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Before the initiation of renal replacement therapy only half of the patients have been seen by a nephrologist. One-year-mortality after initiating dialysis was significant among patients who did not receive such care. Their medication was also not up-to-date. Through regular continuing medical education for general practitioners and in close collaboration with diabetologist colleagues the number of patients taken care of has doubled. Furthermore, the proportion of patients with hypertension or diabetes as an underlying disease among the patients receiving renal care increased to 68%. These findings may contribute to that their patients receive effective treatment taking the actual therapeutic recommendations into account. Hopefully it will be apparent in the hard end-points at the time of the analysis of the second period.]

[Workplace mistreatment, mobbing, bully-ing, or psychoterror has become a prioritised field of research in social sciences in the past two-three decades. Mobbing means more than a simple conflict situation between two individuals; it is a complex problem that could and should be investigated in various individual and organisational contexts. In spite of its large-scale theoretical and empirical research, the phenomenon still does not have a uniform definition; it is most commonly de-scribed via its social manifestations. Although the interpersonal constellation of mobbing is diverse, its trigger factors, stages and participants show similar patterns. The description and the evaluation of consequences is also uniform in the literature: workplace mobbing is accompanied by considerable health impairment, and it has severe psychosomatic and mental health effects on both the targeted individuals and the whole community. The latter group has to deal with poor performance, impaired morale and dissatisfaction. All these factors add up and lead to significant financial damage as well. The prevalence of mobbing is especially high in health care. Hierarchy, continuous overload, as well as emotional and physical stress all favour the development of mobbing. In turn, the professional-social culture of medicine that is based on traditions contributes to its acceptance, understatement and denial. The first time medical students have to face psychoterror is typically during their university years. The positive aspects of socialisation and finding their vocation cannot always compensate for the negative experiences. The model role of physicians, their behaviour towards colleagues and students can be protective, but it can also trigger further mobbing. Prevention is essential both at the organisational and individual level, and it requires complex measures whose effect will only be felt in the long term. ]