Clinical Neuroscience - 2006;59(09-10)

Clinical Neuroscience

SEPTEMBER 30, 2006

[MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY: THE BEGINNING OF A NEW ERA IN THE HISTORY OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES]

PAPP Mátyás, KOVÁCS Tibor

[Multiple system atrophy (MSA) belongs to the neurodegenerative diseases of the nervous system, but it is different from them in many aspects: it has no familiar form and no genetic factor was identified in the pathomechanism. Its neuropathology is unique too, because oligodendroglial cells are harbouring the main pathological burden. It was described in MSA that there is no elective neuronal degeneration in neurodegenerative disorders: the glial cells show the same patochemical and structural abnormalities as found in the neurones. The discovery of the glial cytoplasmic inclusions, as a pathognostic marker for MSA, has directed attention to the glial cells in other neurodegenerative disorders. As a result of this, there are several neurodegenerative diseases nowadays in which glial inclusions were described, similar to the neuronal inclusions in their structural and biochemical properties and some of them became the diagnostic marker of the disease. In our review we summarize the clinical features, the history and the neuropathology of MSA and we discuss its special features.]

HUN 2006;59(09-10)

Clinical Neuroscience

SEPTEMBER 30, 2006

[SUDDEN DEATH AND MORTALITY IN EPILEPSY]

SZŰCS Anna, LALIT Narula, RÁSONYI György, BARCS Gábor, BÓNÉ Beáta, HALÁSZ Péter, JANSZKY József

[Mortality in epilepsy is 2-3 times higher than in the age- and sex-matched general population. It is the highest in young male epilepsy patients with generalised tonic-clonic seizures living in low socio-economical situation. The main factors of early mortality unrelated to seizures are the neurological conditions underlying epilepsy. Suicide is an important factor first of all in temporal lobe epilepsy. The group of mortality directly related to epilepsy is made up of the high-mortality grand mal status epilepticus rarely seen in treated epilepsy; the accidents related to seizures and sudden unexpected death (SUDEP). The reasons directly related to epilepsy make up about 40 per cent of epilepsy mortality. There is a 20-24-fold increase of the risk of sudden death in epilepsy compared to sudden death in the general population. The main risk of SUDEP is the “severity” of epilepsy signaled by generalized tonic-clonic seizures, resistance to antiepileptic drugs, polytherapy and frequent drug-modifications in adulthood epilepsy. Seizure-dependent autonomic changes as cardiac rhythm and breathing disturbances as well as some antiepileptic drugs and treatment modifications may contribute to the development of SUDEP. The data suggest that the main tools helping to decrease mortality in epilepsy nowadays are as follows: optimal seizure control, effective tratment of concomitant psychiatric conditions and monitoring for potentially dangerous heart dysrhythmias as well as respiration disorders.]

HUN 2006;59(09-10)

Clinical Neuroscience

SEPTEMBER 30, 2006

[TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY - STATE OF ART REVIEW]

HALÁSZ Péter, FOGARASI András

[The temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most important kind of partial epilepsy both from practical and research point of view, where studies brought many new results in the last years. This article is a state of art review with a special emphasis on medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). We show the clinical symptoms, EEG and neuroimaging signs, the psychiatric co-morbidities and psyhosocial consequences. Etiological factors, among them hippocampal sclerosis and hippocampal reorganisation is assessed in a more detailed form. The possibilities of pharmacological and surgical treatment are also shown, together with the brief outline of the Hungarian situation. TLE is presented as a model for the development of partial epilepsies.]

HUN 2006;59(09-10)

Clinical Neuroscience

SEPTEMBER 30, 2006

[PREDICTIVE FACTORS OF TEMPORAL LOBE SURGERY]

KELEMEN Anna, RÁSONYI György, SZŰCS Anna, FABÓ Dániel, HALÁSZ Péter

[The most effective type of epilepsy surgery in adults is temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) surgery. Three quarter of the patients become seizure free, however the remaining patients experience seizures after resection. In our study we analyzed retrospectively the possible electro-clinical, neuroimaging and surgery-related outcome predictors in 94 adult patients who had anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) from the material of Epilepsy Centre of the National Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Budapest since the beginning of the surgery program in 1989 until 2001. Three outcome endpoints were chosen: the seizure status at the last visit, the longest seizure free period and the time to the first non-acute postoperative seizure. The predictors were assessed by multivariate and Cox regression methods. After one year of surgery 72% of the patients were seizure free, after two years 67% and after five years 59%. Factors predicting favorable outcome in TLE surgery were: typical temporomesial aura, strictly unilateral interictal anterotemporal spikes, unilateral ictal onset, slow contralateral propagation, hippocampal sclerosis (HS) as etiology. Factors predicting poor outcome in TLE surgery were: increase in seizure frequency in the last two preoperative years, presence of preoperative psychiatric disturbances, ictal contralateral propagation, MRI lesion distant from the surgery site, incongruency of data of preoperative investigations, postoperative sequels and non-HS type MR residuum.]

HUN 2006;59(09-10)

Clinical Neuroscience

SEPTEMBER 30, 2006

[EFFICACY, SAFETY AND EFFECT ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF GABAPENTIN IN ADULT EPILEPSY - RESULTS OF A PROSPECTIVE OPEN-LABEL QUASI NATURALISTIC HUNGARIAN MULTICENTER STUDY (PHASE HUMAN-IV).]

RAJNA Péter, SZÍJÁRTÓ Elvira

[Purpose - To evaluate the efficacy and safety of gabapentin (GBP) in idiopathic or crypto/symptomatic partial epilepsy in adults. Methods - We performed a prospective open label add-on study in pharmacoresistant patients with simple or complex partial or generalized seizures of partial onset (at least four seizures per month). GBP was added to no more than two baseline antiepileptics and the efficacy was rated primarily according to the seizure frequency. The secondary efficacy parameters were the change in the seizure severity scores (measured by the NHS3 scale) and in the quailty of life (measured by the QUOLIE-31 questionnaire). GBP was added up to 1500-1600 mg per day in the titration period than an individual optimalization was allowed in any further visits. The follow-up period was three months. Population - Fourteen Hungarian epilepsy out-patient unit participated in the study. 72 patients were enrolled, GBP was applied in 63 persons (ITT population) and 57 completed the study. Results - A more than 50% decrease in seizure frequency was found in more than 70% of the patients in the third month. Among them just every third patient became seizure-free. Significant improvement appeared also in the severity of seizures and in the total score of the quality of life questionnaire. There was no difference either according to the etiology of the epilepsy or the seizure types. GBP was tolerated excellently. There was no need to decrease of the dosage of GBP and the side effects were mild and of transitory nature. Consequences - GBP appears to be a valuable antiepileptic drug considering its high efficacy and extremely favourable tolerance. While GBP also decreases the severity of the seizures, its complex effects result an improvement in the quality of life of the patients. The positive effects have been durable during the follow-up. Open label naturalistic studies of larger population are needed to clear the special indications of GBP in chronic partial epilepsies.]

HUN 2006;59(09-10)

Clinical Neuroscience

SEPTEMBER 30, 2006

[Endogenous psychopharmacology]

BÁNKI M. Csaba

[Endogenous psychopharmacology 2006;59(09-10)]

HUN 2006;59(09-10)

Clinical Neuroscience

SEPTEMBER 30, 2006

[News about the Környei Society]

KOPA János

[ ]

HUN 2006;59(09-10)

Clinical Neuroscience

SEPTEMBER 30, 2006

[We do need change in the education of neurosurgeons]

CSÓKAY András

[ ]

HUN 2006;59(09-10)

Clinical Neuroscience

SEPTEMBER 30, 2006

[CONGRESS CALENDAR]

[congress calendar 2006;59(09-10)]

HUN 2006;59(09-10)