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Clinical Neuroscience - 2002;55(01-02)
Content
Clinical Neuroscience
FEBRUARY 20, 2002
[Intracranial cholesterol granulomata]
[In the development of a cholesterol granuloma both cellular and vascular permeability factors have to be taken into consideration. It may arise as a special degradation product in a chronic cerebral infarct because of the partial insufficient activity of the macrophages. Consequently, the degradation of brain sphingolipids and other compounds does not follow the usual route of degradation and transportation by granular cells to the stage of neutral fat but the necrotic mass transforms into cholesterol esters. Cholesterol crystals produce an irritative effect to neighbouring tissues which may result in the formation of young fibroblasts with proliferative tendency in the vessel wall. Some of the fibroblasts take part in the proliferation of connective tissue, while the rest degenerate, producing more cholesterol or xanthomatous material. Inflammatory changes may also be associated with these lesions. The amount of cholesterol sometimes increases in the inner side of the thickening connective tissue layer. The final result may be an intracranial space occupying mass or it may end as a small cholesterol granuloma, as demonstrated in our incidental cases. By the time a granuloma has developed, the original vessel usually disappears completely, but sometimes remnants of vessels might prove the vascular origin. Other pathomechanisms should also be taken into consideration, such as a cholesterol embolus or anomalous vessel with a large cholesterol plaque in the wall. This also explains why trauma (hemorrhage, granulation), cholesterol embolus, inflammation, metabolic imbalance may predispose to the formation of a granuloma, as well as the hypercholesterolaemia. The nine cases demonstrate the significance of the intracranial granuloma from pathological, clinical and neurosurgical points of view. Such cases have not yet been reported in the national or international literature.]
Clinical Neuroscience
FEBRUARY 20, 2002
[Endo-sonographic anatomy of the ventricular system]
[A preclinical cadaver study was performed to test a transendoscopic sonographic probe for neurosurgery. In 25 fresh post-mortem adult human cadaver with a total of 39 endo-sonographic dissections in the ventricular system were carried out. A sonograph with an outer diameter of 6 F was used and radial sonograms were made by a realtime image technique. First results showed precise imaging, comparable to a CT in a neighbouring area of 3 cm. In this publication, the authors describe the endo-neurosonographic anatomy of the ventricular system. The sonographic probe was advanced through the working canal of a ventriculoscope, then the endoscopic and sonographic imaging were compared. Results were documented by paralell sonographic and endoscopic photo and video recordings. Based on the authors experience, it is revealed that the additional sonographic view could also be used as a navigation tool.]
Clinical Neuroscience
FEBRUARY 20, 2002
[Treatment of migraine in hypertension and ischemic heart disease]
[Migraine is a common disorder with a prevalence of 9-10% in Hungary. Migraine can be accompanied by hypertension and/or ischemic heart disease sometimes in younger patients, but more frequently in the elderly, which is important for therapeutical considerations. The article reviews the literature with special focus on hypertension and coronary heart disease. In the second part, the authors summarize their experiences on headache patients.]
Clinical Neuroscience
FEBRUARY 20, 2002
[Contemporary interpretation of rehabilitation]
[The study selects some changing and developing aspects of the contemporary considerations of rehabilitation and relates them closely to neurological rehabilitation. Functional diagnostics aims at the assessment of impairments and functioning. Several internationally recognized methods of neurological rehabilitation have already been adapted in Hungary. Author emphasises the use of International classification of functioning, disability and health, officially accepted by the Assembly of the World Health Organization in 2001. Its use for functional diagnostics is also possible. The everyday practice of teamwork is still problematic. Its implementation in rehabilitation is inevitable. The neurological rehabilitation is a special field where the cooperation of many teammembers is needed. The attitude to human beings in rehabilitation is different from medicine at large. It considers man not only as biological but also as social beings with own life history, thus helping to achieve compliance and increasing autonomy. The author mentions the possibility for the cooperation with organisers of the independent living movement. The separation of quality of life and health status assessments is suggested. Attention is called to the requirements of the adaptation of assessment methods and an initial account of own experiences is given.]
Clinical Neuroscience
FEBRUARY 20, 2002
[Chemotherapy of recurrent supratentorial malignant gliomas (Phase II study)]
[At the Hungarian National Institute of Neurosurgery 73 recurrent supratentorial malignant tumours were treated by chemotherapy during the last ten years. Chemotherapy was applied after postoperative radiotherapy but in some cases following reoperation only. All cases were clinically and by CT or MRI verified recurrences. Forty-three patients received BCNU-DBD (dibromodulcitol) treatment (23 anaplastic astrocytoma - AA, and 20 glioblastoma multiforme - GM): day 1. BCNU 150 mg/sq.m. in iv. infusion, day 2. dibromdulcitol 1000 mg/sq orally was given. This course was repeated every six weeks, altogether 2-8 times. Sixteen patients with AA responded with complete or partial regression but only 6 did with GM. Median survival was 14 and 7 months, the difference proved to be significant, p=0.0091. PCV combination (procarbazine, CCNU, vincristine) was applied to 16 patients with AA and 14 cases with recurrent oligodendroglioma (O). Treatment started with vincristine 1.5 mg/sq. m. iv. (2.0 mg maximum), the next day CCNU 100 mg/sq.m. was given, followed by procarbazine 60 mg/sq.m. on days 8-22. and finished by the same dose of vincristine on day 30. The course was repeated after one month, mostly six times. Six patients with AA did not respond; in cases of oligodendroglioma all but one responded with complete or partial improvement. It is remarkable that no significant difference was found between the survivals of BCNU-DBD or PCV treated AA patients. Chemotherapy of supratentorial malignant glioma recurrences with nitroso-ureas and their combination proved to be efficacious. It also seems, that in recurrent cases lower grade gliomas show better response rate than glioblastomas.]
Clinical Neuroscience
FEBRUARY 20, 2002
Clinical Neuroscience
FEBRUARY 20, 2002
Clinical Neuroscience
FEBRUARY 20, 2002
Clinical Neuroscience
FEBRUARY 20, 2002
Clinical Neuroscience
FEBRUARY 20, 2002
Clinical Neuroscience
FEBRUARY 20, 2002
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