[AIMS - Because of contradictory data in literature our aim was to study bone metabolic disturbances and their correlates with anthropometric and metabolic parameters in type 1 diabetic patients (T1DM). Since quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS) measures bone qualities different from BMD, and it has only been scarcely investigated in T1DM, our aim was to describe covariates of QUS parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS - Osteodensitometry was performed (lumbal spine, femur neck - DEXA; calcaneal ultrasound) on 115 T1DM patients (34 male, 81 female; mean age: 41.4±11 [± SD] yrs; BMI: 23.9±3.0 kg/m2; diabetes duration: 21.6±11.7 yrs; HbA1c: 8.1±1.3%). In addition anthropometric, blood pressure and laboratory parameters (HbA1c, lipids, renal function, fibrinogen, homocystein, PTH, TSH, β-CrossLaps, vitamine D3, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin) were measured, data using a questionnaire were collected. RESULTS - The prevalence of osteoporosis was 9/112 (8%). A further 21/62 patients with osteopenia were found. Disturbances of bone metabolism have been more frequently proven on lumbal spine (p<0.001). Using multiple linear regression modelling, the independent covariates of osteopathy were systolic blood pressure, body weight, β-CrossLaps and cystatin C. The average broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) was 114.2±14.9 in males vs. 108.4±16.3 dB/MHz in females (p=0.07), the mean speed of sound (SOS) 1552±26 in males vs. 1559±32 m/s in females (p=0.32). SOS values in addition to bone density were associated with fracture risk. The independent covariates of BUA were body weight and height (R=0.473, p<0.001), and of SOS only fibrinogen (R=0.305, p=0.032). CONCLUSIONS - According to our results the prevalence of osteoporosis in acceptable controlled T1DM patients is relatively low. The more common metabolic calcipenic osteopathy show a correlation with body weight, markers of bone resorption and diabetic complications/co-morbidities (nephropathy, hypertension) being therefore not only an a priori consequence but also a complication of diabetes mellitus. Our data provide baseline data of QUS in type 1 diabetic patients. Because of the frequency of lower bone mineral content and their known high fracture risk bone metabolism screening of T1DM patients has to be considered.]
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