The eLitMed.hu medical portal uses computer cookies for convenient operation. Detailed information can be found in the Cookie-policy.
Lege Artis Medicinae - 2018;28(01-02)
Content
Lege Artis Medicinae
JANUARY 20, 2018
Lege Artis Medicinae
JANUARY 20, 2018
Lege Artis Medicinae
JANUARY 20, 2018
[The role of gut microbiota in mental health]
[During the last decade, the Human Microbiom Project resulted in several important discoveries regarding the role of the microbiota communities - with the central role of the gut flora - in maintaining physiological homeostasis. The increasing knowledgebase carries important consequences for mental health. From a psychiatrist’s perspective, the current publication summarizes the most important results which may help to understand the etiopa-thology of neuropsychiatric illnesses, facilitate development of effective therapeutic interventions, and provide cues for disease prevention and a healthier lifestyle. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
JANUARY 20, 2018
[Depression from the aspect of polygenic studies: the role of the relationship between genes and the environment]
[Depression is a multifactorial disease with both genes and environmental factors as well as complex relationships between these factors playing a role in its background. However, in spite of several decades of research no genetic variants playing a straightforward and robust role in the background of depression have been identified. One reason behind this is the genetic and biological heterogeneity of depression, while another is that in the majority of studies environmental effects interacting with genetic variants have not been considered which may mask important genetic effects. Furthermore, relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors may vary in case of different manifestations and subtypes of depression which has not only etiopathological relevance but may also influence choice and efficiency of treatment. Consideration of heterogeneity of depressive syndromes, as well as environmental effects in case of both candidate gene and whole genome association studies, and qualitative analysis of environmental effects in depression and antidepressant research may extend our existing knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of depression and may also aid identification of new antidepressive therapeutic targets. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
JANUARY 20, 2018
[Faces of dementia]
[Dementia is defined as a combination of symptoms or as a syndrome. In different types of dementia syndromes cognitive, behavioural and psychological symptoms can be distinguished according to clinical aspects. The prevalence of dementia increases continuously with age, causing significant challenges for the health care system of developed countries. Early diagnosis and early intervention by progression slowing therapy can be defined as goals in treating dementia. At the same time, the education and psychological support of the patients, their relatives and health care providers are also essential. A more accurate knowledge of the pathomechanisms behind the symptoms is necessary in order to develop more effective therapies in the future. The authors review the most important types of mild cognitive impairment and dementia syndromes, their clinical and diagnostical criteria and therapeutic possibilities, focusing on early diagnosis and prevention.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
JANUARY 20, 2018
[Is the evolvement of schizophrenia preventable?]
[Considering the developmental nature of the majority of mental disorders, these days prevention has increasingly come into the focus of psychiatry. Schizophrenia - one of the disorders that are most frequently associated with psychosis, one of the most serious psychiatric syndromes - is the leading cause of permanent disability of the young adult generation. A prodrome lasting for several years precedes the onset of the first psychotic episode, which offers an opportunity for preventive interventions. Currently, we have two strategies for the predicition of the outburst of psychotic disorders. The Ultrahigh-risk approach can predict the first psychotic episode regardless of diagnosis, while the Basic symptom strategy predicts the development of schizophrenia specifically. However, there is an inverse relationship between the sensitivity and the specificity of different predictive criteria, which raises clinical and ethical dilemmas for the doctors. The methods of repeated assessments of the help-seeking individuals’ clinical states with designation of syndrome stages, and multivariate analyses of emprirically derived markers have proven promising tools for establishing more balance between the sensitivity and specificity of predictive criteria. Interventions of the secondary prevention aim to decrease the morbidity of the underlying pathomechanisms, and to help individuals’ coping with alterations of their experiences. We can consider here the psychosocial interventions as evidence based choices, which we can combine with certain food supplements and well-chosen psychopharmacons depending on the clinical state. With our interventions, we can influence the process of the individual development with vulnerable basis and steer it toward resilience. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
JANUARY 20, 2018
[The modern approach of child-adult transition in chronic diseases]
[Adolescence is the age of great biological, psychological, social changes and time of coming-of-age, however it is also associated with significant vulnerability. 15-20% percent of teenagers have special health needs and are transfered later to adult care, but the vulnerability of adolescents is more pronounced. The handover of adolescents with chronic medical condition to adult care can be achieved through a simple transfer of care or transition, which is a purposeful, planned movement of adolescents and young adults with chronic medical conditions from child-centred to adult-oriented health-care system. The transition of care requires a holistic approach and covers medical, psychosocial and educational aspects. In the transition the patient, the family, the paediatrician, and the adult specialist are also involved together with the multidisciplinary team including a psychologist as well. The transition according to the international literature improves adherence to care, self-management, knowledge of the di-sease and the adjustment to adult health services. In this review article, the author summarizes the latest knowledge of transition of care from different subspecialties expecting better joint work between the different medical specialties.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
JANUARY 20, 2018
[Classical methods in modern approach. Training for the recognition of emotions using bibliotherapy-techniques]
[BACKGROUND - Nowadays it is an understood fact, that theory of mind has a great psychological significance. Deficits of theory of mind skills are observed in schizophrenia such as depression, dementia, autism and some personality disorders as well. Conceptions of theory of mind and emotion recognition ability have been coming in front at the expanse of the older empathy also in the present-day research in connection with helper connections and their effects. It is probably due to popular approach of cognitive neuroscience exact methods. METHODS - We intended to demonstrate, that the ability of emotion recognition can be developed, or partially restored, even in case of patients suffering from schizophrenia. We compiled an 8-seat training. Our method was a bibliotherapy training, each of chosen novels expressed one of basic emotions (by Ekman). After a common reading we projected validated portraits expressing also those emotions. Participants had to choose reflecting the emotional state of the characters photos. Then they shared stories from their own lives experiencing similar emotions. We measured the effectiveness of our method by the Reading the Mind in the Eyes measured (RMET) test. RESULTS - Comparing data before and after the training in t-test we detected significant difference (p=0.000608 <0.05). Verifying that the observed changes are not only the common effects of the other types of treatment, the same tests were performed on a similar in-patient treated control group. There was no significant difference between the RMET first time and two weeks later values of the control group (p=0.467). The rate of changes in the test and control group (RMET) was compared in a paired-sample t-test, and we also found a significant difference: p=0.000786 <0.005. CONCLUSIONS - The deficit of theory of mind in schizophrenia can be reduced, which indirectly can improve our patients' communication and adaptation skills, or worse, their deterioration can be reduced.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
JANUARY 20, 2018
[Psychiatry or an Alternative?]
[Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is increasing in the plural healthcare market of our globalized world. Aside from a healthcare market, we may also speak of a “worldview market” in which various concepts of health and illness compete with each other and in which patients strive to orient themselves. In a milieu of prolific information production, “facts” are increasingly under subjective judgement. Thus topics such as mechanisms underlying the appraisal of information sources regarding healthcare, as well as processes behind decision-making and building or losing trust have risen in significance. Orientation in the sea of information is largely determined by global trends, societal-level phenomena, as well as cultural dispositions or preferences that take root in the individual; these factors also influence therapy choice. Such preferences include that of “holism” and the “natural”, as well as a desire for initiation; these dispositions play a vital role in information processing and decision-making, for example when the patient is weighing whether to turn to a psychiatrist or a CAM specialist. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
JANUARY 20, 2018
Lege Artis Medicinae
JANUARY 20, 2018
Lege Artis Medicinae
JANUARY 20, 2018
Lege Artis Medicinae
JANUARY 20, 2018
Lege Artis Medicinae
JANUARY 20, 2018
1.
Clinical Neuroscience
[Headache registry in Szeged: Experiences regarding to migraine patients]
21. MAY
2.
Clinical Neuroscience
[The new target population of stroke awareness campaign: Kindergarten students ]
21. MAY
3.
Clinical Neuroscience
Is there any difference in mortality rates of atrial fibrillation detected before or after ischemic stroke?
27. NOV
4.
Clinical Neuroscience
Factors influencing the level of stigma in Parkinson’s disease in western Turkey
27. SEP
5.
Clinical Neuroscience
[The effects of demographic and clinical factors on the severity of poststroke aphasia]
18. JUL
1.
2.
Clinical Oncology
[Pancreatic cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up]
29. AUG
3.
Clinical Oncology
[Pharmacovigilance landscape – Lessons from the past and opportunities for future]
29. AUG
4.
5.